Thanks to everyone who responded to the previous pieces on risk management. We ended up with nearly 2,000 upvotes and I'm delighted so many of you found it useful.
This time we're going to focus on a new area: reacting to and trading around news and fundamental developments.
A lot of people get this totally wrong and the main reason is that they trade the news at face value, without considering what the market had already priced in. If you've ever seen what you consider to be "good" or "better than forecast" news come out and yet been confused as the pair did nothing or moved in the opposite direction to expected, read on...
We are going to do this in two parts.
Part I

Introduction
Why use an economic calendar
How to read the calendar
Knowing what's priced in
Surveys
Rates decisions
First order thinking vs second order thinking

Introduction

Knowing how to use and benefit from the economic calendar is key for all traders - not just news traders.
In this chapter we are going to take a practical look at how to use the economic calendar. We are also going to look at how to interpret news using second order thinking.
The key concept is learning what has already been ‘priced in’ by the market so we can estimate how the market price might react to the new information.

Why use an economic calendar

The economic calendar contains all the scheduled economic releases for that day and week. Even if you purely trade based on technical analysis, you still must know what is in store.

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Why? Three main reasons.
Firstly, releases can help provide direction. They create trends. For example if GBPUSD has been fluctuating aimlessly within a range and suddenly the Bank of England starts raising rates you better believe the British Pound will start to move. Big news events often start long-term trends which you can trade around.
Secondly, a lot of the volatility occurs around these events. This is because these events give the market new information. Prior to a big scheduled release like the US Non Farm Payrolls you might find no one wants to take a big position. After it is released the market may move violently and potentially not just in a single direction - often prices may overshoot and come back down. Even without a trend this volatility provides lots of trading opportunities for the day trader.

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Finally, these releases can change trends. Going into a huge release because of a technical indicator makes little sense. Everything could reverse and stop you out in a moment. You need to be aware of which events are likely to influence the positions you have on so you can decide whether to keep the positions or flatten exposure before the binary event for which you have no edge.
Most traders will therefore ‘scan’ the calendar for the week ahead, noting what the big events are and when they will occur. Then you can focus on each day at a time.

Reading the economic calendar

Most calendars show events cut by trading day. Helpfully they adjust the time of each release to your own timezone. For example we can see that the Bank of Japan Interest Rate decision is happening at 4am local time for this particular London-based trader.

https://preview.redd.it/lmx0q9qoq4k51.jpg?width=1200&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c6e9e1533b1ba236e51296de8db3be55dfa78ba1

Note that some events do not happen at a specific time. Think of a Central Banker’s speech for example - this can go on for an hour. It is not like an economic statistic that gets released at a precise time. Clicking the finger emoji will open up additional information on each event.

Event importance

How do you define importance? Well, some events are always unimportant. With the greatest of respect to Italian farmers, nobody cares about mundane releases like Italian farm productivity figures.
Other events always seem to be important. That means, markets consistently react to them and prices move. Interest rate decisions are an example of consistently high importance events.
So the Medium and High can be thought of as guides to how much each event typically affects markets. They are not perfect guides, however, as different events are more or less important depending on the circumstances.
For example, imagine the UK economy was undergoing a consumer-led recovery. The Central Bank has said it would raise interest rates (making GBPUSD move higher) if they feel the consumer is confident.
Consumer confidence data would suddenly become an extremely important event. At other times, when the Central Bank has not said it is focused on the consumer, this release might be near irrelevant.

Knowing what's priced in

Next to each piece of economic data you can normally see three figures. Actual, Forecast, and Previous.

Actual refers to the number as it is released.
Forecast refers to the consensus estimate from analysts.
Previous is what it was last time.

We are going to look at this in a bit more detail later but what you care about is when numbers are better or worse than expected. Whether a number is ‘good’ or ‘bad’ really does not matter much. Yes, really.

Once you understand that markets move based on the news vs expectations, you will be less confused by price action around events

This is a common misunderstanding. Say everyone is expecting ‘great’ economic data and it comes out as ‘good’. Does the price go up?
You might think it should. After all, the economic data was good. However, everyone expected it to be great and it was just … good. The great release was ‘priced in’ by the market already. Most likely the price will be disappointed and go down.
By priced in we simply mean that the market expected it and already bought or sold. The information was already in the price before the announcement.
Incidentally the official forecasts can be pretty stale and might not accurately capture what active traders in the market expect. See the following example.

An example of pricing in

For example, let’s say the market is focused on the number of Tesla deliveries. Analysts think it’ll be 100,000 this quarter. But Elon Musk tweets something that hints he’s really, really, really looking forward to the analyst call. Tesla’s price ticks higher after the tweet as traders put on positions, reflecting the sentiment that Tesla is likely to massively beat the 100,000. (This example is not a real one - it just serves to illustrate the concept.)

Tesla deliveries are up hugely vs last quarter ... but they are disappointing vs market expectations ... what do you think will happen to the stock?

On the day it turns out Tesla hit 101,000. A better than the officially forecasted result - sure - but only marginally. Way below what readers of Musk's twitter account might have thought. Disappointed traders may sell their longs and close out the positions. The stock might go down on ‘good’ results because the market had priced in something even better. (This example is not a real one - it just serves to illustrate the concept.)

Surveys

It can be a little hard to know what the market really expects. Often the published forecasts are stale and do not reflect what actual traders and investors are looking for.
One of the most effective ways is a simple survey of investors. Something like a Twitter poll like this one from CNBC is freely available and not a bad barometer.
CNBC, Bloomberg and other business TV stations often have polls on their Twitter accounts that let you know what others are expecting

Interest rates decisions

We know that interest rates heavily affect currency prices.
For major interest rate decisions there’s a great tool on the CME’s website that you can use.

See the link for a demo

This gives you a % probability of each interest rate level, implied by traded prices in the bond futures market. For example, in the case above the market thinks there’s a 20% chance the Fed will cut rates to 75-100bp.
Obviously this is far more accurate than analyst estimates because it uses actual bond prices where market participants are directly taking risk and placing bets. It basically looks at what interest rate traders are willing to lend at just before/after the date of the central bank meeting to imply the odds that the market ascribes to a change on that date.
Always try to estimate what the market has priced in. That way you have some context for whether the release really was better or worse than expected.

Second order thinking

You have to know what the market expects to try and guess how it’ll react. This is referred to by Howard Marks of Oaktree as second-level thinking. His explanation is so clear I am going to quote extensively.
It really is hard to improve on this clarity of thought:
First-level thinking is simplistic and superficial, and just about everyone can do it (a bad sign for anything involving an attempt at superiority). All the first-level thinker needs is an opinion about the future, as in “The outlook for the company is favorable, meaning the stock will go up.” Second-level thinking is deep, complex and convoluted.
Howard Marks
He explains first-level thinking:
The first-level thinker simply looks for the highest quality company, the best product, the fastest earnings growth or the lowest p/e ratio. He’s ignorant of the very existence of a second level at which to think, and of the need to pursue it.
Howard Marks
The above describes the guy who sees a 101,000 result and buys Tesla stock because - hey, this beat expectations. Marks goes on to describe second-level thinking:
The second-level thinker goes through a much more complex process when thinking about buying an asset. Is it good? Do others think it’s as good as I think it is? Is it really as good as I think it is? Is it as good as others think it is? Is it as good as others think others think it is? How will it change? How do others think it will change? How is it priced given: its current condition; how do I think its conditions will change; how others think it will change; and how others think others think it will change? And that’s just the beginning. No, this isn’t easy.
Howard Marks
In this version of events you are always thinking about the market’s response to Tesla results.
What do you think they’ll announce? What has the market priced in? Is Musk reliable? Are the people who bought because of his tweet likely to hold on if he disappoints or exit immediately? If it goes up at which price will they take profit? How big a number is now considered ‘wow’ by the market?
As Marks says: not easy. However, you need to start getting into the habit of thinking like this if you want to beat the market. You can make gameplans in advance for various scenarios.
Here are some examples from Marks to illustrate the difference between first order and second order thinking.

Some further examples
Trying to react fast to headlines is impossible in today’s market of ultra fast computers. You will never win on speed. Therefore you have to out-think the average participant.

Coming up in part II

Now that we have a basic understanding of concepts such as expectations and what the market has priced in, we can look at some interesting trading techniques and tools.
Part II

Preparing for quantitative and qualitative releases
Data surprise index
Using recent events to predict future reactions
Buy the rumour, sell the fact
The trimming position effect
Reversals
Some key FX releases

Hope you enjoyed this note. As always, please reply with any questions/feedback - it is fun to hear from you.
***
Disclaimer:This content is not investment advice and you should not place any reliance on it. The views expressed are the author's own and should not be attributed to any other person, including their employer.

Forex Signals - TOP Best Services. Checked!

To invest in the financial markets, we must acquire good tools that help us carry out our operations in the best possible way. In this sense, we always talk about the importance of brokers, however, signal systems must also be taken into account.
The platforms that offer signals to invest in forex provide us with alerts that will help us in a significant way to be able to carry out successful operations.
For this reason, we are going to tell you about the importance of these alerts in relation to the trading we carry out, because, without a doubt, this type of system will provide us with very good information to invest at the right time and in the best assets in the different markets. financial
Within this context, we will focus on Forex signals, since it is the most important market in the world, since in it, multiple transactions are carried out on a daily basis, hence the importance of having an alert system that offers us all the necessary data to invest in currencies.
Also, as we all already know, cryptocurrencies have become a very popular alternative to investing in traditional currencies. Therefore, some trading services/tools have emerged that help us to carry out successful operations in this particular market.
In the following points, we will detail everything you need to know to start operating in the financial markets using trading signals: what are signals, how do they work, because they are a very powerful help, etc. Let's go there!

What are Forex Trading Signals?

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Before explaining the importance of Forex signals, let's start by making a small note so that we know what exactly these alerts are.
Thus, we will know that the signals on the currency market are received by traders to know all the information that concerns Forex, both for assets and for the market itself.
These alerts allow us to know the movements that occur in the Forex market and the changes that occur in the different currency pairs. But the great advantage that this type of system gives us is that they provide us with the necessary information, to know when is the right time to carry out our investments.

In other words, through these signals, we will know the opportunities that are presented in the market and we will be able to carry out operations that can become quite profitable.

Profitability is precisely another of the fundamental aspects that must be taken into account when we talk about Forex signals since the vast majority of these alerts offer fairly reliable data on assets. Similarly, these signals can also provide us with recommendations or advice to make our operations more successful.

»Purpose: predict movements to carry out Profitable Operations

In short, Forex signal systems aim to predict the behavior that the different assets that are in the market will present and this is achieved thanks to new technologies, the creation of specialized software, and of course, the work of financial experts.
In addition, it must also be borne in mind that the reliability of these alerts largely lies in the fact that they are prepared by financial professionals. So they turn out to be a perfect tool so that our investments can bring us a greater number of benefits.

The best signal services today

We are going to tell you about the 3 main alert system services that we currently have on the market. There are many more, but I can assure these are not scams and are reliable. Of course, not 100% of trades will be a winner, so please make sure you apply proper money management and risk management system.

1. 1000pipbuilder (top choice)

Fast track your success and follow the high-performance Forex signals from 1000pip Builder. These Forex signals are rated 5 stars on Investing.com, so you can follow every signal with confidence. All signals are sent by a professional trader with over 10 years investment experience. This is a unique opportunity to see with your own eyes how a professional Forex trader trades the markets.
The 1000pip Builder Membership is ordinarily a signal service for Forex trading. You will get all the facts you need to successfully comply with the trading signals, set your stop loss and take earnings as well as additional techniques and techniques!
You will get easy to use trading indicators for Forex Trades, including your entry, stop loss and take profit. Overall, the earnings target per months is 350 Pips, depending on your funding this can be a high profit per month! (In fact, there is by no means a guarantee, but the past months had been all between 600 – 1000 Pips).
>>>Know more about 1000pipbuilder
Your 1000pip builder membership gives you all in hand you want to start trading Forex with success. Read the directions and wait for the first signals. You can trade them inside your demo account first, so you can take a look at the performance before you make investments real money!
Features:

Free Trial
Forex signals sent by email and SMS
Entry price, take profit and stop loss provided
Suitable for all time zones (signals sent over 24 hours)
MyFXBook verified performance
10 years of investment experience
Target 300-400 pips per month

Pricing:
https://preview.redd.it/zjc10xx6ony51.png?width=668&format=png&auto=webp&s=9b0eac95f8b584dc0cdb62503e851d7036c0232b
VISIT 1000ipbuilder here

2. DDMarkets

Digital Derivatives Markets (DDMarkets) have been providing trade alert offerings since May 2014 - fully documenting their change ideas in an open and transparent manner.
September 2020 performance report for DD Markets.
Their manner is simple: carry out extensive research, share their evaluation and then deliver a trading sign when triggered. Once issued, daily updates on the trade are despatched to members via email.
It's essential to note that DDMarkets do not tolerate floating in an open drawdown in an effort to earnings at any cost - a common method used by less professional providers to 'fudge' performance statistics.
Verified Statistics: Not independently verified.
Price: plans from $74.40 per month.
Year Founded: 2014
Suitable for Beginners: Yes, (includes handy to follow trade analysis)
VISIT
-------

3. JKonFX

If you are looking or a forex signal service with a reliable (and profitable) music record you can't go previous Joel Kruger and the team at JKonFX.
Trading performance file for JKonFX.
Joel has delivered a reputable +59.18% journal performance for 2016, imparting real-time technical and fundamental insights, in an extremely obvious manner, to their 30,000+ subscriber base. Considered a low-frequency trader, alerts are only a small phase of the overall JKonFX subscription. If you're searching for hundreds of signals, you may want to consider other options.
Verified Statistics: Not independently verified.
Price: plans from $30 per month.
Year Founded: 2014
Suitable for Beginners: Yes, (includes convenient to follow videos updates).
VISIT

The importance of signals to invest in Forex

Once we have known what Forex signals are, we must comment on the importance of these alerts in relation to our operations.
As we have already told you in the previous paragraph, having a system of signals to be able to invest is quite advantageous, since, through these alerts, we will obtain quality information so that our operations end up being a true success.

»Use of signals for beginners and experts

In this sense, we have to say that one of the main advantages of Forex signals is that they can be used by both beginners and trading professionals.
As many as others can benefit from using a trading signal system because the more information and resources we have in our hands. The greater probability of success we will have. Let's see how beginners and experts can take advantage of alerts:

Beginners: for inexperienced these alerts become even more important since they will thus have an additional tool that will guide them to carry out all operations in the Forex market.
Professionals: In the same way, professionals are also recommended to make use of these alerts, so they have adequate information to continue bringing their investments to fruition.

Now that we know that both beginners and experts can use forex signals to invest, let's see what other advantages they have.

»Trading automation

When we dedicate ourselves to working in the financial world, none of us can spend 24 hours in front of the computer waiting to perform the perfect operation, it is impossible.
That is why Forex signals are important, because, in order to carry out our investments, all we will have to do is wait for those signals to arrive, be attentive to all the alerts we receive, and thus, operate at the right time according to the opportunities that have arisen.
It is fantastic to have a tool like this one that makes our work easier in this regard.

»Carry out profitable Forex operations

These signals are also important, because the vast majority of them are usually quite profitable, for this reason, we must get an alert system that provides us with accurate information so that our operations can bring us great benefits.
But in addition, these Forex signals have an added value and that is that they are very easy to understand, therefore, we will have a very useful tool at hand that will not be complicated and will end up being a very beneficial weapon for us.

»Decision support analysis

A system of currency market signals is also very important because it will help us to make our subsequent decisions.
We cannot forget that, to carry out any type of operation in this market, previously, we must meditate well and know the exact moment when we will know that our investments are going to bring us profits .
Therefore, all the information provided by these alerts will be a fantastic basis for future operations that we are going to carry out.

»Trading Signals made by professionals

Finally, we have to recall the idea that these signals are made by the best professionals. Financial experts who know perfectly how to analyze the movements that occur in the market and changes in prices.
Hence the importance of alerts, since they are very reliable and are presented as a necessary tool to operate in Forex and that our operations are as profitable as possible.

What should a signal provider be like?

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As you have seen, Forex signal systems are really important for our operations to bring us many benefits. For this reason, at present, there are multiple platforms that offer us these financial services so that investing in currencies is very simple and fast.
Before telling you about the main services that we currently have available in the market, it is recommended that you know what are the main characteristics that a good signal provider should have, so that, at the time of your choice, you are clear that you have selected one of the best systems.

»Must send us information on the main currency pairs

In this sense, one of the first things we have to comment on is that a good signal provider, at a minimum, must send us alerts that offer us information about the 6 main currencies, in this case, we refer to the euro, dollar, The pound, the yen, the Swiss franc, and the Canadian dollar.
Of course, the data you provide us will be related to the pairs that make up all these currencies. Although we can also find systems that offer us information about other minorities, but as we have said, at a minimum, we must know these 6.

»Trading tools to operate better

Likewise, signal providers must also provide us with a large number of tools so that we can learn more about the Forex market.

We refer, for example, to technical analysis above all, which will help us to develop our own strategies to be able to operate in this market.

These analyzes are always prepared by professionals and study, mainly, the assets that we have available to invest.

»Different Forex signals reception channels

They must also make available to us different ways through which they will send us the Forex signals, the usual thing is that we can acquire them through the platform's website, or by a text message and even through our email.
In addition, it is recommended that the signal system we choose sends us a large number of alerts throughout the day, in order to have a wide range of possibilities.

»Free account and customer service

Other aspects that we must take into account to choose a good signal provider is whether we have the option of receiving, for a limited time, alerts for free or the profitability of the signals they emit to us.
Similarly, a final aspect that we must emphasize is that a good signal system must also have excellent customer service, which is available to us 24 hours a day and that we can contact them at through an email, a phone number, or a live chat, for greater immediacy.
Well, having said all this, in our last section we are going to tell you which are the best services currently on the market. That is, the most suitable Forex signal platforms to be able to work with them and carry out good operations. In this case, we will talk about ForexPro Signals, 365 Signals and Binary Signals.

Forex Signals Reddit: conclusion

To be able to invest properly in the Forex market, it is convenient that we get a signal system that provides us with all the necessary information about this market. It must be remembered that Forex is a very volatile market and therefore, many movements tend to occur quickly.
Asset prices can change in a matter of seconds, hence the importance of having a system that helps us analyze the market and thus know, what is the right time for us to start operating.
Therefore, although there are currently many signal systems that can offer us good services, the three that we have mentioned above are the ones that are best valued by users, which is why they are the best signal providers that we can choose to carry out. our investments.
Most of these alerts are quite profitable and in addition, these systems usually emit a large number of signals per day with full guarantees. For all this, SignalsForexPro, Signals365, or SignalsBinary are presented as fundamental tools so that we can obtain a greater number of benefits when we carry out our operations in the currency market.

Saxo

The US dollar and Japanese yen surged yesterday, on possible sudden safe haven seeking within G10 on the recognition that the short-term two-way risks for sterling are significant ahead of the Brexit negotiation deadline tomorrow. GBPUSD plunged back below 1.3000 but depending on how headlines shape up tomorrow on the status of negotiations could find itself at new multi-month highs or lows by Friday.
Yesterday failed to produce any positive headlines as negotiations between the EU and the UK continued ahead of the October 15 deadline tomorrow that Boris Johnson has declared for making a deal. An EU Summit also starts tomorrow and ends on Friday. Sterling was weak yesterday and weaker still this morning, led by GBPUSD on the added factor of a USD bounce-back
There are notable two-way risks for GBP here if the two sides are unable to come to basic terms tomorrow – and the market doesn’t look ready for bad news for sterling. On the other hand, headlines touting a sudden breakthrough in talks that point toward “entering the tunnel” (when the two sides have agreed in principle and begin the process of hammering out the details) would likely provide a very meaningful GBP boost. UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson and EU Commission President Ursula Von Der Leyen are to speak today.
Also keep in mind that there are a spectrum of outcomes on December 31 from a comprehensive deal that is surprisingly generous to the UK’s financial services industry (unlikely) to a more or less “no Deal” outcome that only sees modest mitigating measures to avoid the worst types of disruptions (not at all priced – perhaps a 25% probability however?). The most likely outcome is some sort of hybrid deal that is more or less a free-trade deal on goods with reduced access/passporting into the EU for UK financial services. That leaves the key questions of the knotty fisheries issue and more importantly, whether the two sides can agree on the framework for adjudicating whether UK “state aid” aimed at favouring domestic industries and companies exceeds what the EU is willing to tolerate. The UK clearly wants significant state aid leeway while the EU has sounded more flexible recently on fisheries.

Pre Market Brief for Thursday July 16th 2020

You can subscribe to the daily 4:00 AM Pre Market Brief on The Twitter Link Here . Alerts in the tweets will direct you to the daily 4:00 AM Pre Market Brief in this sub.
Updated as of 4:45 AM EST
-----------------------------------------------
Stock Futures:

Premarket Trading
Dowfutures little changed as index tries for fifth straight day of gains
Asian markets retreat as coronavirus vaccine rally fades
European stocks retreat, shrugging off Chinese growth data that beat expectations
Global Markets: Asian shares fall despite China GDP beat as Sino-U.S. tensions, virus fears weigh
Treasuries yields edge lower with coronavirus spike, vaccine progress, economic data in focus

Wednesday 07/15/2020 News and Markets Recap:

Pre Market Brief for 07/15/2020
Market Recap: Wednesday, July 15

Thursday July 16th 2020 Economic Calendar (All times are in EST)
(JOBLESS CLAIMS TODAY)

08:30 AM US Retail Sales MoM JUN Previous: 17.7% Consensus: 4.8% Forecast: 4.5%
08:30 AM US Philadelphia Fed Manufacturing Index JUL Previous: 27.5 Consensus: 20 Forecast: 17
08:30 AM US Jobless Claims 4-Week Average 11/JUL Previous: 1437.25K Forecast: 1375K
08:30 AM US Retail Sales Ex Autos MoM JUN Previous: 12.4% Consensus: 4.5% Forecast: 4.2%
08:30 AM US Initial Jobless Claims 11/JUL Previous: 1314K Consensus: 1250K Forecast: 1290K
08:30 AM US Continuing Jobless Claims 04/JUL Previous: 18062K Forecast: 17600K
08:30 AM US Retail Sales YoY JUN Previous: -6.1% Forecast: -3%
10:00 AM US NAHB Housing Market Index JUL Previous: 58 Consensus: 59 Forecast: 58
10:00 AM US Business Inventories MoM MAY Previous: -1.3% Consensus: -2.1% Forecast: -1.8%
10:30 AM US EIA Natural Gas Stocks Change 10/JUL Previous: 56Bcf
11:30 AM US 4-Week Bill Auction Previous: 0.100%
11:30 AM US 8-Week Bill Auction Previous: 0.120%
01:30 PM Fed Evans Speech
04:00 PM US Overall Net Capital Flows MAY Previous: $125.3B Forecast: $200B
04:00 PM US Net Long-Term Tic Flows MAY Previous: $-128.4B
04:00 PM US Foreign Bond Investment MAY Previous: $-176.7B

News Heading into Thursday July 16th 2020:
NOTE: I USUALLY (TRY TO) POST MANY OF THE MOST PROMISING, DRAMATIC, OR BAD NEWS OVERNIGHT STORIES THAT ARE LIKELY IMPORTANT TO THE MEMBERS OF THIS SUB AT THE TOP OF THIS LIST. PLEASE DO NOT YOLO THE VARIOUS TICKERS WITHOUT DOING RESEARCH! THE TIME STAMPS ON THESE MAY BE LATER THAN OTHERS ON THE WEB.

6:13 PM yesterday: Mallinckrodt (MNK) Announces U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Advisory Committee Voted to Recommend Terlipressin for Approval to Treat Patients with Hepatorenal Syndrome Type 1 (HRS-1)
UK Car insurance premiums in second-quarter show largest quarterly drop since 2018 (WLTW)
Postal Realty Trust (PSTL) Announces Pricing of Follow-On Offering (Second offering back to back)
California Resources files for Chapter 11 (CRC)
California Resources Corporation Agrees on Comprehensive Balance Sheet Restructuring with Key Creditors (CRC)
ServiceSource to Hold Second Quarter 2020 Financial Results Call on July 30, 2020 (SREV)
Tricida Receives FDA Notice On Deficiencies In Veverimer NDA; Stock Slumps (TCDA) {CICERO COMMENT: NEW GUYS TAKE NOTICE; THIS IS WHAT FDA TROUBLE LOOKS LIKE}
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz Continues Investigation of Kirby Corporation (KEX) on Behalf of Investors (KEX)
Weil Gotshal lawyer inks four mergers in a day amid deal wave (ADI, MXIM, SIRI, SSP)
Neptune Wellness Solutions Inc. Closes US$12.65 Million Registered Direct Offering (NEPT)
Fifth Third/MB Financial (FITB) Alert: Johnson Fistel Launches Investigation into the Fifth Third Acquisition of MB Financial; MB Financial Investors Receiving Fifth Third Shares Encouraged to Contact Firm (FITB)
Home Sales Exceed Pre-Pandemic Levels for the First Time (RDFN)
Aptose Announces Pricing of Public Offering of Common Shares (APTO)
The Law Offices of Frank R. Cruz Announces Investigation of Wells Fargo &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp; Company (WFC) on Behalf of Investors
Twitter Stock Slides 3% After Hackers Target High-Profile Accounts
Tesla registrations in California nearly halve in second quarter: data
FOREX-Dollar nurses losses as investors wait for China data (MRNA)
Relay Therapeutics Announces Pricing of Initial Public Offering (RLAY)
HPX Corp. Announces Pricing of Upsized $220,000,000 Initial Public Offering (HPX)
Adaptive Biotechnologies (ADPT) Announces Pricing of Public Offering of Common Stock
Nabriva Therapeutics Enters into Exclusive Agreement to Promote and Distribute SIVEXTRO® (tedizolid phosphate) in the U.S. (NBRV)
EU Court Invalidates Data-Sharing Pact With US (FB)
EU Court Bans Privacy Shield Data-Transfer Pact (FB)
Corporación América Airports S.A. Reports June 2020 Passenger Traffic (CAAP)
China buys more soybeans as its U.S. crop buying spree continues
Coronavirus vaccine hopes rise after strong trial results (AZN)
Dell Confirms It’s Considering Spinning Off VMware. Here’s How It Would Work. (DELL, VMW)
BBBY reported 10 new insider trades (small buys) to the SEC yesterday evening
American Airlines sending 25,000 furlough notices as U.S. demand sags (AAL, DAL, UAL, LUV)
U.S. Judge confirms Berkshire Hathaway unit's 643 million euro award against German pipemaker
Carnival to raise $1.26 billion in debt to deal with COVID-19 impact (CCL)
Chevron restarts Pasadena, Texas, refinery: sources (CVX)
American Air Sees 25,000 Jobs at Risk When U.S. Aid Expires (AAL, UAL)
Alcoa Says Cost Cuts Drove Cash Increase in ‘Challenging’ Market (AA)
Average Earnings Are Falling, Prices Are Rising: Economic Numbers Indicate Hard Times For Consumers (KR, TGT)
FCPT Announces Acquisition of a Caliber Collision Property for $1.8 Million
Tencent launches new online shopping feature in WeChat app, in a challenge to rivals Alibaba and JD
Boyd Gaming Corporation Commences Exchange Offer For 4.750% Senior Notes Due 2027 (BYD)
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FOREX Strategies

What are FOREX Strategies?
https://preview.redd.it/ihmphstzguv51.jpg?width=960&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=81f6b73c367d8695605514f8d32aaf3e2aeabc6e
You may have noticed that most of people confuse the terminology and refer to FOREX Strategies in the wrong way. There are methodologies, systems, strategies, and techniques. The most effective methodology is Price Language (Trend Tracking). Combined with a correct reading of mass psychology presented by the charts.
We know that in the Stock Markets there are thousands of strategies. FOREX, like the rest of the markets, presents you with the opportunity to apply similar strategies to win consistently. Taking advantage of repetitive psychological patterns.
First, the Price Language methodology has created great fortunes in FOREX, and the next fortune may be yours. But this methodology must be implemented within a framework of advanced concepts of Markets. Without forgetting the basics. And working hard day by day.
Second, a strategy is a set of parameters and techniques that together give you the advantage to act in any situation. Thus for example in war, generals have attack strategies and counterattack strategies.
FOREX strategies alike are entry strategies and exit strategies. All beginners should know these FOREX strategies for beginners. That way you will get a general idea of the game and understand that trading is a war against the Market and its Specialists. Only applying FOREX strategies revealed by the same Specialists and using their own techniques,
... you can survive in this war.
Do not fall into the trap of the many "systems" and "methods" that are offered on the internet about operating in the FOREX Market. They just don't work in the long run. They are strategies based on indicators for the most part. Using rigid parameters. That if they can work and give profitability during a certain period of time, they will always reach a breaking point when the market changes its dynamics.
Instead, take advantage of your precious time and learn the Language of Price or Price Action.
The Language methodology will allow you to adapt to each new phase of the Market. If you combine this knowledge with the appropriate psychological concepts, you can live comfortably from speculation in FOREX.

Forex Trading Strategies Reddit - Basic FOREX Strategies

You have two basic FOREX strategies, one entry, and one exit. Both follow a general strategy that helps you capitalize on the collective behaviors of the Market. That is, of the total of participating speculators.
This behavior causes the formation of cycles that repeat over and over again. Driven by the basic emotions (uncertainty, greed, and panic) of the speculators involved that can be taken advantage of with the aforementioned FOREX strategies. Specialists identify these emotions in the order flow and capitalize on these events every hour, every day, and every month.
Basic FOREX Strategies - The Price Cycle
These repetitive cycles consist of 4 phases:

Accumulation
Upward trend
Distribution
Downward trend

https://preview.redd.it/6dvk2w0pduv51.png?width=300&format=png&auto=webp&s=a3ab65ca4eab6d20174b3327b862d8b59dcc13b7
The two trends can be easily identified by their notorious breakdown. And the two areas of uncertainty (accumulation and distribution), due to their notorious range trajectories.
This general behavior determines the core of our FOREX strategies.
You buy when the price of a pair has broken and has come out of one of its congestion formations (accumulation or distribution). You implement one of the Forex strategies, in this case, the entry one.
The multi-time technique will help you find the point of least risk when entering your initial buy or sell order. In the same way and using the same strategy but this time to close your position, the multiple timing technique will also show you how to close your operation obtaining the highest possible profit.
The most consistent way to extract profits in the market is by trading the start of trends within a cycle . Once confirmed by their respective breaks from the areas of uncertainty. This is the mother of all FOREX strategies . And in a market that operates 24 hours, we have more frequent cycles and therefore more opportunities.

Forex Trading Strategies Reddit - Advanced Forex Strategies

There are many advanced FOREX strategies that are generally used by professional speculators working for large financial firms.
Among these firms are banks, Investment Fund managers and Hedge Fund managers. The latter is an investment modality similar to Investment Funds, with the difference that Hedge Funds use more complex investment strategies. Its operations are more oriented to aggressive speculations in the short and medium-term.
Among the most common strategies is hedging (hedging), carry trade, automated systems based on quantum mathematics. And a large number of combinations between the different option strategies.

The Carry Trade

The central idea of Carry Trade is to buy a pair in which the base currency has a considerably higher interest rate than the quoted currency. To earn the difference in rates regardless of whether the price of the pair rises or falls.
Suppose we buy a $ 100,000 lot of AUDJPY, which according to the rates on the chart would turn out to be the ideal instrument in this example to use the Forex carry trade strategy.
As our capital is in US dollars we have to assume for our example, the following quotes necessary to perform the place calculations:
AUD / JPY = 80.00 USD / JPY = 85.00
What happens internally in your broker is this.

By placing as collateral $ 1,000 of your $ 50,000 of capital (assumed for this example), deposited in your account, you have access to $ 100,000 virtual (this is what is known as leverage); that is, you put in $ 1,000 and your broker lends you 99,000.
With those $ 100,000 virtual dollars, your broker borrows on your behalf ¥ 8,500,000 Japanese yen (85 × 100,000) at 0.1% annual interest from a Japanese bank.
With those ¥ 8,500,000 Japanese yen, your broker buys A $ 106,250 Australian dollars (8,500,000 / 80) and deposits it in an Australian bank where it receives 4.5% annual interest on your behalf.
One year later (and regardless of the profit or loss generated by the pair's movement), your profit will be the difference between the AUD rate and the JPY rate, that is:

Profit = (AUD rate) - (JPY rate) - (costs of the 2 currency exchanges) Profit = (4.5%) - (0.1%) - (0.1% to 1%)
The great advantage of carry trade FOREX strategies is that this percentage profit is applied to the $ 100,000 of the standard lot; the broker transfers all of the profit to you, even if you only contributed $ 1,000. On the other hand, if you carry out the inverse of this operation, this benefit of the Forex carry trade becomes a cost (swap), and you assume it completely.
Remember that FOREX carry trade strategies are recommended for pairs with considerable interest rate differences, such as the one we have just seen in our example.
These FOREX strategies should also not be used in isolation. The idea is that through technical analysis you identify when would be the ideal time to enter the market using your carry trade Forex strategy and multiply your profits considerably.

What FOREX Strategies Do Hedge Funds Use?

The FOREX strategies used by large fund managers do not constitute an advantage in terms of percentage results for them, nor do they constitute a competitive disadvantage for you.
The vast majority of them fail because of their big egos. In fact, there was a firm made up of great financial geniuses, including 2 winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics, who developed a strategy based on quantum mathematical calculations.
With an initial base capital of about 3 billion dollars, and after 3 successful years obtaining annual returns of over 40%, the firm Long-Term Capital Management, begins its fourth year with losses. To counteract these losses the geniuses decide to multiply the initial capital several times, while the losses continued.
The year closed with the bankruptcy of the fund, and with a total accumulated loss of 1 trillion dollars, due to the great leverage used. And all for not admitting that the FOREX Strategies of Long Term Capital Management were not in line with the dynamics of the Market.
There are an overwhelming number of opportunities in the stock markets to make money interpreting the Language of Price.
You don't need to use complex "advanced" strategies that have been created to handle hundreds or billions of dollars.
The reasons for using these FOREX strategies are very different from what a "retail trader" pursues with his small speculation business.
As you can see, you should not worry about wanting to integrate any of these advanced strategies into your arsenal. They are only beneficial for managing hundreds or billions of dollars, where the return parameters are very different when you handle small amounts of capital.
Do not worry about collecting hundreds of free FOREX strategies that circulate on the internet, that great accumulation of mediocre information will only serve to confuse you and waste your valuable time.
Spend that time learning Price Action,
… And you will always be one step behind the Specialists, identifying each new Market condition, and anticipating the vast majority of reversals of all prices.
Ironically, the most successful fund managers indicate that their most profitable trades are those based on the basic trend-following strategies of the Price Language. The same ones that you will learn in this Free Course.
Dedicate yourself to perfecting them and believe me you won't need anything else. As long as you have good risk management, taking into consideration the following points ...

Styles of Investments in FOREX

The Investment FOREX long term is not recommended for small investors like you and me. If we take into account the term investing literally as large investors do who buy a financial product today to sell it years later.
We both have a better niche in the short and medium-term.
You may have noticed that the big multi-year trends in the Forex Market do exist. But minor swings within a big trend are usually very wide.
These minor movements allow us to easily double and triple the annual return of the big general trend, motivating most traders to speculate in the short and medium-term.
These minor oscillations or trends that occur within the large multi-year trends owe their occurrence mainly to two reasons.
First, the FOREX Market presents 3 sessions a day each in different cities of the world with different time zones (Asia, Europe, and America). This causes more frequent trend changes than in the rest of the stock markets.
Second, the purpose for which it was created also plays a role. The modern Foreign Exchange Market, since its inception in 1972, was conceived by the global financial system as a tool for speculation. To obtain benefits in the short and medium-term (from several days to 1 year).
These two points are basically the reasons why we observe the immense speed with which the FOREX market changes trends.
For example, for those who live in America, in the early morning (Europe) the EURUSD pair may be on the rise, in the morning or afternoon (America) it may be down, and then finally at night (Asia) it may return to the rise.

Define your Own Style for your FOREX Investments

One of the first decisions you will have to make is to choose your style as a trader or investor.
There are 4 types of well-defined styles.
Most professional traders tend to have multiple styles, although they always identify with one primary style for their FOREX investments. Study the characteristics of the 4 main styles to make your investments in FOREX :
1. Long Term: recommended for anyone who is going to enter the market for the first time and who can dedicate a minimum of one hour per month to their investments in Forex. The period of an open position ranges from 1 year to 5 years.
2. Medium Term: recommended for anyone who is going to enter the market for the first time and who can dedicate a minimum of one hour per week to their investments in Forex. The period of an open position ranges from 1 month to 1 year.
3. Short Term: recommended for anyone who is going to enter the market for the first time, or who already has a certain time operating in the long and medium-term, showing constant profits, and who can dedicate a minimum of one hour per day to your investments in FOREX. The period of an open position ranges from 1 day to 1 month.
4. Intraday : recommended only for people with a fairly solid earnings record in the short term, and with a capital greater than $ 50,000. As we have noted, this option constitutes a full-time job.
People who start investing in FOREX , should start executing short-term (weeks) and medium-term (months) transactions only, and not pay attention to intraday oscillations (day trading).
If you are interested in being an intraday speculator, I recommend that you first exhaust at least a year doing operations in the short and medium-term to assimilate the correct strategies and to develop the necessary mentality to carry out this work.
The second option would be to participate in some kind of intensive training.
I remind you that self-educating is almost impossible in speculation. You are likely to accumulate a lot of knowledge by reading books and attending courses. But you will probably never learn to make money with all the incomplete "systems" circulating on the internet.

Mistakes to Avoid When Looking for Your Style

Many people who are new to FOREX investments make the mistake of combining these styles, which is a key to failure.
I recommend that if you are not getting the results you expected by adopting one of these styles, do not try to change it. The problem sure is not in the style, but in your strategies or in your psychology.
A successful investor is able to make a profit in any longer trading time than he is used to. I explain. If you are already a profitable operator in the short term, it is very likely that you will also be profitable in the medium and long term,
… As long as you can interpret the Language of Price or Price Action.
In the opposite case, the same would not happen. If you were a medium-term trader, you would need time to adjust to the intraday. The reality is that long, medium and short term traders have very similar personalities. The intraday trader is completely different.

The Myth of the Intraday in Investments in FOREX

If you are already successful in the short, medium and long term, you will notice that the sacrifice and the hours necessary in front of the computer to operate intraday is much greater. The intraday style will be useful to increase your account if it is less than USD $ 100,000 in a very short time in exchange for 8 to 12 hours a day of hard work but ...
You must first develop the necessary skills to operate the intraday.
The ideal is to combine all the styles to get more out of the Market and carry out more effective transactions and have a diversification in your investments in FOREX.
There are intraday traders that are very successful, but the reality is that there are very few in the world that make a profit year after year. If you want to become an intraday, you just have to prepare yourself properly through intensive training.
Otherwise, I recommend that you don't even think about educating yourself to adopt the intraday style. It is not necessary to go against a probability of failure greater than 99%. Unless
... your ego is greater than your common sense.
The main reason why this style of investments in FOREX is not recommended for the vast majority of us "retail investors" (the official term "retail traders"), is the high operational cost.
The real commissions in this market range between $ 2.0 and $ 2.50 for each lot of 100,000 virtual units. This means that a complete operation (opening and closing) is approximately $ 5.00, for each standard lot traded ($ 100,000 virtual).
Another fundamental reason is the advent of robotic traders (HFT = High-Frequency Trading), which tend to manipulate the market in the shorter intraday swings. Please do not confuse HFTs with automated systems that we find daily on the internet, and that can be purchased for a few hundred dollars and often for free on FOREX forums / groups.
These HFTs to which I refer, they are effective. They cost millions of dollars and have been developed by the large Wall Street financial firms to manage their investments in FOREX.
The reality of the intraday trader is that you execute orders for large lots at the same time, to profit from the smallest movements in the market. It is an activity based on reflexes. The slightest oversight or distraction can turn into a catastrophe for your FOREX investments.
I recommend that you start investing in FOREX using slow time periods such as H4 or Daily. For some reason, all Goldman Sachs intraday FOREX investments are made with algorithms.

Finally…

To choose your style as a trader and manage your investments in FOREX, first determine what your degree of experience is, analyze the points mentioned below and the rest you will discover when you execute your first operations.
The points that will affect your decision are:

Capital
Time available each day
Level of Experience
Personality

Discovering your style is a search process. For some it will be a long way to find the right time frame that matches their personality. Don't be put off by the falls. After all, those who continue the path despite the falls are the ones who reach the destination.
And I hope you are one of those who get up over and over again. The next lesson will boost your confidence when you discover the main reason that moves currencies ...

Fundamental Analysis in Forex Trading Reddit

The fundamental analysis in Forex is used mostly by long-term investors. Players as we saw in the styles of operators, start a negotiation today, to close it years later.
I always emphasize the importance that the mass media give to this type of analysis to distract the great mass of participants.
It is all part of a great mass psychological manipulation. For centuries the ignorance of the masses has been organized before the great movements begin.
The important news are the macroeconomic reports published by the Central Banks and other government agencies destined for this work. All reports are made up. 99% of them are corrected months later.
These events are tools to justify fundamental analysis and price cleaning movements. Any silly headline does the job. With this, it is possible to absorb most of the existing liquidity, before the new trend phase is projected.

Reaction!

Except in rare situations, the result of an economic report of the fundamental analysis is generally already assimilated in the graph. In most cases, there are financial institutions that already have access to this information and are organizing and carrying out their operations in advance.
The phrase buy the rumor and sell the news is a very old adage on Wall Street. And its meaning contains what we have just explained. For the investor who can interpret the Language of Price, fundamental analysis is of little importance. Well, in general, their disclosure does not indicate that you have to take any action in your open trades , as long as your entry strategy provides you with a good support cushion.
This reality of fundamental analysis causes a lot of confusion for investors who lack in-depth knowledge of the forex market.

Macroeconomic Data

The data published in these events is irrelevant. Both for speculators and for the people in general. They are false. They lack reliability.
The price can go up or down with the same result of the data. The main ones are:
- Interest Rates - GDP (gross domestic product) - CPI (inflation) - ISM (manufacturing index) - NFP (payroll) - Double Deficits (deficit = fiscal + balance of payments)
If you are initiated, I recommend you avoid operating near these events. It is only a matter of having the time pending. Use the economic calendar for Fundamental Analysis of Forex Factory.
There is a probabilistic advantage in operating these fundamental analysis events. But it takes preparation, experience, and practice. They represent a way of diversifying in the general operation of a speculator.

The Uncertainty of Fundamental Analysis

On many occasions after the disclosure of an economic report, the price movement of the currency pair that is going to be affected tends to move in the opposite direction to the logic of the report.
I show you an example of a fundamental analysis report. Imagine that the EUR / USD pair is trading at 1.2500, and the FED (US Federal Reserve) issues a statement announcing that it has just raised inter-bank interest rates from 0.25 points to 0.75 points. Very positive news for the US dollar that logically implies an appreciation of the currency and consequently an instantaneous collapse of the EUR / USD pair (up the dollar and down the euro)
However, minutes after the release of said fundamental analysis report, the pair after effectively collapsing to 1.2400, returns and returns to its levels prior to the report (1.2500). This situation is very common , but it is not so easy to identify it when it is occurring, but after the damage is done.
Traps like these devour the accounts of beginners who approach the market with little experience, with weak strategies, and especially with very little experience.
That is why I reiterate that you forget the fundamental analysis for now. Just keep in mind when operating, that there is no publication scheduled nearby. Just check the economic calendar for the day and forget about the numbers. Let the economists mess around with the data.

FOREX Market Correlation

The Forex market correlation exists between pairs with similar "base" currencies and not always under the same circumstances. The correlation in the Forex market that is most followed and that has the greatest impact on fundamental analysis is that of the US dollar (USD).
The USD is the most traded monetary unit with a volume greater than 80% with respect to the rest of the currencies. This fact determines why their correlation is the most important, the most followed, and perhaps the only one worth following in the fundamental macro analysis.
The 7 major pairs are usually in sync . These 7 pairs all include the USD and present a fundamental analysis correlation almost 75% of the time. Influencing the rest of the currency pairs.

Advantages of the FOREX Market Correlation

In the fundamental analysis the most basic FOREX correlation is the following. When the USD appreciates, the USD / CAD, USD / CHF, and USD / JPY pairs tend to go up in price. This indicates that the Canadian dollar (CAD), the Swiss franc (CHF), and the Japanese yen (JPY) are losing value against the USD.
We must bear in mind that this correlation does not occur 100% of the time. In fact, the JPY generally tends to move in the opposite direction , since in recent decades this currency has been used as a source of financing to invest in other financial instruments.
On the other side is the FOREX market correlation that generates a movement almost in unison in the other 4 major pairs EUR / USD, GBP / USD, AUD / USD, and NZD / USD. These tend to fall in price, homologous the appreciation of the USD. But not always.
In this case the fundamental analysis correlation works most of the time, between 65 and 85% of the time. Small differences are noted in the extent that each of these pairs experiences.
There is also a correlation in the secondary FOREX market, where the pairs of all currencies that do not include the USD participate, but I recommend you not to waste time on them for now. There are more important things about the Language of Price to know first.

FOREX Commodity Correlation

In this part I will explain to you in a basic way the Correlation Commodities - FOREX of the fundamental analysis.
There are three currencies that have a direct correlation with commodities. They are usually called: "COMDOLLS" which is short for "Commodities Dollars" (Commodities Dollars), since all three obey the dollar denomination. These are:
- The New Zealand Dollar (NZD) - The Australian Dollar (AUD) - The Canadian Dollar (CAD)
These three currencies make up the group of the 8 largest together with the euro, the pound, the yen, the franc and the US dollar. Together, they merge to produce the major pairs traded in the FOREX Foreign Exchange Market.
The FOREX Commodity Correlation has an affinity in most cases greater than 75%. And each of them has its different raw material of correlation. You will notice that the NZD and the AUD are two currencies that act practically in unison. Both present minimal discrepancies in their fluctuations in the short, medium and long term.
This is mainly because their economies are very similar and their economic and fiscal policies are too. Their main production items also show great similarities, despite the fact that the Australian economy is much larger than the New Zealand economy.
The raw materials that follow the movement of the AUD are mainly gold and copper. If you put the history of these three quotes during the last decade of the year 2,000 together on the same chart, you will notice a very similar upward movement between the three quotes. Pure correlation of fundamental analysis.
This strong correlation with commodities in the metals area for the AUD has provided Australia with an economic advantage enviable over the other major powers that have seen their currencies devalue sharply against the AUD. At the same time, they experience a constant decrease in the purchasing power of their citizens.
The NZD maintains a correlation with raw materials related to agriculture and livestock, mainly including milk and its derivatives. It is one of the countries that dominates the world export of these economic items, and also has important exports of metals , although in smaller quantities than Australia.
Finally, you have a correlation with raw materials in the energy area. For historical reasons the CAD, which is not the largest oil producer in the world, but an important supplier to the largest consumer that is the US, has seen its currency oscillate in line with oil prices.
To make long-term investments in the Foreign Exchange Market, it is necessary to take into consideration at least one Commodity Correlation - FOREX in your fundamental analysis.

Forex Technical Analysis Reddit

The technical analysis is the methodology that interprets the movements of the price. Specialists look for liquidity to fund their business. The repetition of the strategies used by the specialists in their work generate repetitive patterns.
If you were an analyst, you would develop the visual ability to identify such patterns on a graph. If you were a programmer you would quantify them mathematically using complex formulas.
And if you could learn to interpret the Language of Price, you would have the ability to anticipate 90% of all movements that occur on a chart. And in this business, anticipating is what will make you money.
Market prices are reflected and framed on a horizontal time axis and a vertical price axis. Prices go up or down according to the aggressiveness of the participating operators. In an efficient or balanced market these oscillations should be imperceptible.
But in reality this is not the case, since the Market works thanks to the digital printing of hundreds of billions of units of paper money systematically distributed by the Central Banks through the banking system. These resources serve as a tool to manipulate 100% of the movements that occur in the FOREX Market.
Are you looking for Technical Indicators? All technical indicators were created from the 70's. How do you think that for more than 200 years the speculators of the past accumulated great wealth?
With the Language of Price. The best timing is given by the price itself. Indicator-generated entry signals usually occur at the wrong time.
The basis of technical analysis is human psychology. Unfortunately, human beings are not perfect and are loaded with emotions that dominate their behavior in similar situations, creating repetitive and highly predictable behavior when it occurs in masses.
The study of technical analysis through indicators and subjective training, originates and shapes the collective thinking on which all the traps that specialists execute every day to maintain their business are designed. If the majority won, the Market would cease to exist.
Although you already know that the patterns are not generated by the masses , but the repetitive behavior of the Specialists in the face of the action response of the masses. It is very easy for speculaists, because they can see everyone's orders in their books.
And they also exert a great influence on the decisions of the masses through the mass media. It is what I call the war between the Egg and the Stone , if you hit me you win and if I hit you also you win.

The Deception of Modern Technical Analysis

Through the centuries thousands of people have been able to extract great benefits from the financial markets by applying the basic strategies of technical analysis and the psychology of the Price Language.
More than 200 years ago when the markets began to operate officially, fundamental analysis predominated, which was only used by large financial institutions. As this analysis tool began to become popular, these institutions began to apply the strategies of technical analysis.
In recent decades and with the massification of internet technology, technical analysis has begun to be handled by anyone who has a computer with internet access. The same financial institutions, which have been present for more than a century and as a result of this overcrowding , establish a strategy to confuse and misinform about the true strategies of technical analysis.
This has been accomplished in the following manner. Currently there are hundreds, if not thousands of technical indicators that have been developed by so-called "gurus" of technical analysis and that sell their magic indicators packed in a "system" or "method" that usually cost thousands of dollars, or simply with the publication of a book with which they generate large profits. Double benefit.
The aim is to confuse the initiates in speculation and create the collective mentality that will originate the same behaviors over and over again. About 95% of these new entrants completely lose all the capital they invest in their early stages as investors.
Leaving them with a negative experience and creating the idea and the image that financial markets are an exclusive area for geniuses with high academic levels and that only they can produce returns in the markets year after year.
The initiate, having lost all his original capital, turns to these “gurus” for help and teachings. You spend more capital on the products they offer you and the cycle repeats itself . Obviously, the vast majority do not relapse and completely forget to re-engage in the stock markets.
I hope you have not been a victim of this drama.
Now I will show you the simplicity of a FOREX technical analysis , without the need to resort to any indicator as a tool to determine an effective entry or exit strategy when planning your operations.

The Price Cycle

Previously you studied in the FOREX strategies lesson, that the typical price cycle when it is reflected in a graph, presents four very specific phases and very easy to identify if you perform a technical analysis with common sense . These are:

Accumulation
Bullish trend
Distribution
Bearish trend

Remember also that the most effective way to constantly extract profits in the markets is by taking advantage of phases 2 and 4 (the trends). Combined with a correct reading of the collective behavior of the masses of speculators interpreting the Language of Price.
You will be surprised by the simplicity with which thousands of people around the world and over the centuries have accumulated large sums of money by drawing a few simple lines and applying responsible risk management with their capital.

How to Identify Trends?

Being able to determine the trend phases within the price cycle is the essence of technical analysis since it is these two phases that provide you with the probabilistic advantage you need to operate in the markets and obtain constant returns.
In the most plain and simple language, in the world of technical analysis, there are only two types of formations: trends and ranges.
The trends, in turn, can be bullish if they go up, or bearish if they go down. The ranges, on the other hand, can be accumulation if they are at the beginning of the cycle, or distribution if they are in the high part of the cycle. As I had indicated in the topic of FOREX strategies when describing the price cycle.
This sounds more like a play on words, but I will show you the practical definition to simplify your life and then you will apply these definitions on the graph so that everything makes more sense to you.

Bullish trend: a succession of major highs and major lows
Bearish trend: a succession of minor highs and minor lows
Floor Range: equal highs and varied lows
Ceiling Range: equal minimums and varied maximums

https://preview.redd.it/vvmsshf0guv51.png?width=600&format=png&auto=webp&s=c321679a7dcc03f7184778be86379ef442fddf91
Some key points from the graph:

The start of this big uptrend was detected when the last high (thick green line) of the previous downtrend was broken to the upside, ending the succession of lower highs, while exiting the lateral floor formation.
The succession of major lows in the uptrend (thin blue lines)
The succession of major highs in the uptrend (thin green lines)
The end of the uptrend was detected when the last low (thick blue line) of the uptrend was broken to the downside, ending the succession of higher lows, while exiting the lateral ceiling formation.

A tool that will help you sharpen your technical eye and identify trends on the chart is the Currency Scanner. This application is very effective and will provide you with a much-needed boost in your operations to identify reliable trends. At first, we are not sure how reliable a trend is. You will receive great help to find opportunities with the Currency Scanner .

The Common Sense, The Less Common of Senses

The central idea of technical analysis consists in determining the price situation of a market, that is, in which phase of the pattern of its cycle it is currently conjugated with the collective thinking of the masses and the possible traps that the market would have prepared to remove. the capital at stake by the public.
To carry out a precise technical analysis, you will use the support and resistance lines, which can be static (horizontal) or dynamic (projecting an angle with respect to the horizontal axis).
Your common sense prevails here.
If you show a 10-year-old a chart, they will be able to tell you if the price is going up or down. You will most likely have no idea how to draw the lines, but you will be able to establish the general trend. Simply using your common sense.
By introducing indicators and other gadgets , the simplicity and effectiveness of the technical analysis created by your common sense evaporates.
The following graph conceptually shows you all the possible situations in which you could draw these lines to carry out your technical analysis of the place. You can clearly observe a downtrend delimited by its dynamic trend line and an uptrend on the right side with its respective dynamic delimitation.
https://preview.redd.it/5iehg0r6guv51.png?width=500&format=png&auto=webp&s=84c265a5d35da7ea970792c4bf40fe20b33bd8bd

Forex Charts Analysis

I want to remind you that the formations or patterns that develop on the charts (triangles, wedges, pennants, boxes, etc.) only work to execute trades that have initially been confirmed by the static support and resistance lines and to read the collective thinking of the masses.
Chart formations work, but you must know the Language of Price to determine when the Specialists will exploit a chartist figure, or when they will allow it to run. In fact, you will learn with the Language that you can operate a chart figure in any direction.
Much of the "mentalization" that the masses receive is to believe that the figures are made to be respected. Which is an inefficient way of working. Simply because you could wait days or months for a perfect chart figure to occur in order to perform a reliable trade. When in fact there are dozens every day.

Japanese Candles

Of all the tools you have to carry out technical analysis, perhaps the best known and most popular is the Japanese technique of candles (candlesticks).
Candles are mainly used to identify reversal points on the chart without resorting to confirmation of horizontal trend lines and only using a previous bar or candle breaks.
Its correct use is subject to a multi-time analysis (multiple temporalities) and a general evaluation of the context proposed by the market in general at the time of each scenario.
Later I will show you all the important details to take into account so that you use Japanese candles in a simple and very effective way.
Do not forget ... Trading in your beginnings based on formations (chartism) and candlestick patterns conjugated with hundreds of tools and technical indicators, constitutes the perfect path to your failure. Before using any strategy or technique I recommend you focus on learning the Price Language, which includes 3 basic things:

The Price: structure and dynamics
Market sentiment: relative strength, external shocks, etc.
Psychology: flexible mindset and risk acceptance

After you acquire this solid foundation, I guarantee that you will be able to trade any trading system that exists, any strategy, technique or chart figure in a profitable and consistent manner.
Specialists make money every day at the expense of the collective behavior caused by the use of these strategies and techniques. With which you will only manage to lose your capital and your time by putting the cart in front of the horse.
People who do the opposite, at best become,
... Philosophers of Speculation, or indocile Robot Assistants or Expert Advisors.
To make money in any market condition, range or trend, you must use the technical analysis based on the Price Language and combine it with a correct psychological reading of the price. This knowledge can only be acquired through proper education and lots of supervised practice. Like any other career in life.
I hope you've found this guide helpful!

(no promotional content, no affiliate links)
Hi,
exactly four years ago, I started copying eToro investors / traders that I selected using the broker's built-in search engine (profitable in last two years, already being copied by others), followed by manual filtering, to take into account fluctuations in yearly returns, composition of their portfolios etc. With that, I got a list of 10 people whom I started to copy on a demo account:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u52f0XHfr-LauIscKcFDYF0yGTTUr6VY/view?usp=sharing
In the screenshot you can see that in case of the first two of them the amount invested was $10,000, while for the rest it was just $100. This is because I started copying the first two a couple of weeks earlier; eventually I changed this into $100 the same day I made the screenshot and this is when my calculations start - so this thing is irrelevant, I just cannot travel in time to make another screenshot.
What I did after that?
Well, within the next six weeks my profits oscillated between -$11 and +$9.50 (the biggest profit was on Nov 9, a day after US presidential elections). I found this "boring" and discontinued experimenting with copy trading.
Today I looked back at those ten traders. Here is what I found. Firstly, seven of them are not with eToro anymore; investorNo1, Simple-Stock-Mkt, tradingrelax, 4exPirate, primit, Gallojack, xjurokx. The other three traders are:

toppertrader: not being copied by anyone and for a good reason: his loss this year alone is 61.16%!
Jean-marcLenfant: copied by only 67 people; his loss this year is -1.09% but in general he is quite successful, with yearly profits ranging from 3.57% to 7.32%.
Girem2: he has no copiers, his profit this year is 41.45% but in 2018 he experienced a loss of 83.15%!

My observations and thoughts are as follows:

Seven out of ten traders are not with eToro anymore, which makes me wonder why. I have no proof but my guess is they simply performed poorly, lost their copiers and closed their accounts. This is already alarming but what if they opened another account? Or, even worse, multiple accounts? They could be investing small money and try different risky approaches, hoping that at least one account will turn out profitable in the long turn, attracting potential copiers. (I'm not claiming that those 7 particular traders did this, it's just my general suspicion regarding some of eToro traders)
I'm unable to calculate what would be my profit if I never stopped copying them, because I cannot check at what day and with what profit those seven traders left eToro. I'm guessing this would be an immense loss. On the other hand, considering the three traders who are still with eToro, I would lose more than a quarter of my assets!

What now?
I must be a quite adventurous person or at least an incorrigible optimist, because a month ago (exactly on Aug 26th) I started copying three traders with real money. Here is who they are.
rubymza (Heloise Greeff)

invests in stocks, with GOOG, INTC, BLDP, MA, MSFT, AMZN, V, MU, IBM and NXPI making up 50.3% of her portfolio (allocation of each of them is in between 3.02% and 6.85%)
active since 2016 (only the year 2016 ended with a loss)
has 3044 copiers and $2M-$5M of copy assets under management
strategy (her own words): "My investing strategy focusses mostly on US indices, tech and pharma, promising future (5-10years) growth. My trades are based on technical analysis using machine learning to understand patterns and trends in the markets. I prefer to keep a diverse portfolio to spread risk while achieving great returns."
she gave an interview for Bloomberg a couple of weeks ago
own experience: I just happened to run across her second worst month ever on eToro; my loss is -6.27% at the time of writing

OlivierDanvel (Olivier Jean Andre Danvel)

he is a Forex trader, making typically 21 trades per week; his favorite currency pairs are EURCHF (12% of trades), CADCHF and GBPUSD; the trades, however, typically make up below 5% of his portfolio (at least whenever I'm checking it), making most of my funds unused
active since January 2017: surprisingly enough, he has every single month profitable, though monthly profits are in the range of 0.03% to 3.34% only
has 8977 copiers and more than $5M of copy assets under management
strategy (his own words): "I monitor currency pairs all day to find the best entry. There is some management/scaling position for perfect entry. The risk control is a big part of my strategy," (quite vague, to be honest)
own experience: my current profit is 0.26%

rayvahey (Raymond Noel Vahey)

commodities compose 76% of his portfolio and his favorite assets are Gold and Oil (at the moment, Gold makes up half of invested amount)
active since July 2016, with the following yearly profits, starting from 2016: 6.56%, 10.05%, 13.09%, 32.26% and -2.03% (the current year)
has 1493 copiers and $1M-$2M of copy assets under management
strategy (his own words): "My system is based on patterns, and a variety of technical analysis tools and some fundamental analysis. I primarily trade in commodities. " (quite vague as well)
own experience: my profit with rayvahey is 2.56%

What was my strategy to hand-pick these particular traders? First I did some basic scanning using eToro's built-in search engine. The most important filter was that the trader was profitable within the last two years: unfortunately, eToro does not allow to reach details of earlier performance automatically. To know how the trader performed before 2019, I had to look at stats in the profile of each of them. I was also taking into account how often they trade (to avoid those who do only a couple of trades yearly), whether they were trading recently and whether they write posts regularly in their feed. With this, I got a list of fifteen candidates to copy:

olivierdanvel
marianopardo
rubymza
rayvahey
martidg97
overit
misterg23
knw500
jianswang
reinhardtcoetzee
miyoshi
alderique
jarodd76
benson9904
big-profits

As you already know, I finally chose three of them. Rubymza seemed to be the most trustworthy stock trader, based on profits, posts feed and regular trading, among other things. Regarding OlivierDanvel, his uniqueness is the ability to record continuous profits with the Forex market. Finally, with rayvahey I wanted to increase my exposure to the commodities market.
Wish me good luck!
Michael

P.S.
You might find those copy-trading related readings interesting:

Disclosures:

What you see here is my personal opinion, my own investments and should not be treated as investing advice
I’m an amateur investor

This is an updated copy of the version on BadHistory. I plan to update it in accordance with the feedback I got.
I'd like to thank two people who will remain anonymous for helping me greatly with this post (you know who you are)
Three years ago a festschrift for Binay Bhushan Chaudhuri was published by Shubhra Chakrabarti, a history teacher at the University of Delhi and Utsa Patnaik, a Marxist economist who taught at JNU until 2010.
One of the essays in the festschirt by Utsa Patnaik was an attempt to quantify the "drain" undergone by India during British Rule. Her conclusion? Britain robbed India of $45 trillion (or £9.2 trillion) during their 200 or so years of rule. This figure was immensely popular, and got republished in several major news outlets (here, here, here, here (they get the number wrong) and more recently here), got a mention from the Minister of External Affairs & returns 29,100 results on Google. There's also plenty of references to it here on Reddit.
Patnaik is not the first to calculate such a figure. Angus Maddison thought it was £100 million, Simon Digby said £1 billion, Javier Estaban said £40 million see Roy (2019). The huge range of figures should set off some alarm bells.
So how did Patnaik calculate this (shockingly large) figure? Well, even though I don't have access to the festschrift, she conveniently has written an article detailing her methodology here. Let's have a look.

How exactly did the British manage to diddle us and drain our wealth’ ? was the question that Basudev Chatterjee (later editor of a volume in the Towards Freedom project) had posed to me 50 years ago when we were fellow-students abroad.

This is begging the question.

After decades of research I find that using India’s commodity export surplus as the measure and applying an interest rate of 5%, the total drain from 1765 to 1938, compounded up to 2016, comes to £9.2 trillion; since $4.86 exchanged for £1 those days, this sum equals about $45 trillion.

This is completely meaningless. To understand why it's meaningless consider India's annual coconut exports. These are almost certainly a surplus but the surplus in trade is countered by the other country buying the product (indeed, by definition, trade surpluses contribute to the GDP of a nation which hardly plays into intuitive conceptualisations of drain).
Furthermore, Dewey (2019) critiques the 5% interest rate.

She [Patnaik] consistently adopts statistical assumptions (such as compound interest at a rate of 5% per annum over centuries) that exaggerate the magnitude of the drain

Moving on:

The exact mechanism of drain, or transfers from India to Britain was quite simple.

Convenient.

Drain theory possessed the political merit of being easily grasped by a nation of peasants. [...] No other idea could arouse people than the thought that they were being taxed so that others in far off lands might live in comfort. [...] It was, therefore, inevitable that the drain theory became the main staple of nationalist political agitation during the Gandhian era.

- Chandra et al. (1989)

The key factor was Britain’s control over our taxation revenues combined with control over India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its booming commodity export surplus with the world. Simply put, Britain used locally raised rupee tax revenues to pay for its net import of goods, a highly abnormal use of budgetary funds not seen in any sovereign country.

The issue with figures like these is they all make certain methodological assumptions that are impossible to prove. From Roy in Frankema et al. (2019):

the "drain theory" of Indian poverty cannot be tested with evidence, for several reasons. First, it rests on the counterfactual that any money saved on account of factor payments abroad would translate into domestic investment, which can never be proved. Second, it rests on "the primitive notion that all payments to foreigners are "drain"", that is, on the assumption that these payments did not contribute to domestic national income to the equivalent extent (Kumar 1985, 384; see also Chaudhuri 1968). Again, this cannot be tested. [...] Fourth, while British officers serving India did receive salaries that were many times that of the average income in India, a paper using cross-country data shows that colonies with better paid officers were governed better (Jones 2013).

Indeed, drain theory rests on some very weak foundations. This, in of itself, should be enough to dismiss any of the other figures that get thrown out. Nonetheless, I felt it would be a useful exercise to continue exploring Patnaik's take on drain theory.

The East India Company from 1765 onwards allocated every year up to one-third of Indian budgetary revenues net of collection costs, to buy a large volume of goods for direct import into Britain, far in excess of that country’s own needs.

So what's going on here? Well Roy (2019) explains it better:

Colonial India ran an export surplus, which, together with foreign investment, was used to pay for services purchased from Britain. These payments included interest on public debt, salaries, and pensions paid to government offcers who had come from Britain, salaries of managers and engineers, guaranteed profts paid to railway companies, and repatriated business profts. How do we know that any of these payments involved paying too much? The answer is we do not.

So what was really happening is the government was paying its workers for services (as well as guaranteeing profits - to promote investment - something the GoI does today Dalal (2019), and promoting business in India), and those workers were remitting some of that money to Britain. This is hardly a drain (unless, of course, Indian diaspora around the world today are "draining" it). In some cases, the remittances would take the form of goods (as described) see Chaudhuri (1983):

It is obvious that these debit items were financed through the export surplus on merchandise account, and later, when railway construction started on a large scale in India, through capital import. Until 1833 the East India Company followed a cumbersome method in remitting the annual home charges. This was to purchase export commodities in India out of revenue, which were then shipped to London and the proceeds from their sale handed over to the home treasury.

While Roy's earlier point argues better paid officers governed better, it is honestly impossible to say what part of the repatriated export surplus was a drain, and what was not. However calling all of it a drain is definitely misguided.
It's worth noting that Patnaik seems to make no attempt to quantify the benefits of the Raj either, Dewey (2019)'s 2nd criticism:

she [Patnaik] consistently ignores research that would tend to cut the economic impact of the drain down to size, such as the work on the sources of investment during the industrial revolution (which shows that industrialisation was financed by the ploughed-back profits of industrialists) or the costs of empire school (which stresses the high price of imperial defence)

Since tropical goods were highly prized in other cold temperate countries which could never produce them, in effect these free goods represented international purchasing power for Britain which kept a part for its own use and re-exported the balance to other countries in Europe and North America against import of food grains, iron and other goods in which it was deficient.

Re-exports necessarily adds value to goods when the goods are processed and when the goods are transported. The country with the largest navy at the time would presumably be in very good stead to do the latter.

The British historians Phyllis Deane and WA Cole presented an incorrect estimate of Britain’s 18th-19th century trade volume, by leaving out re-exports completely. I found that by 1800 Britain’s total trade was 62% higher than their estimate, on applying the correct definition of trade including re-exports, that is used by the United Nations and by all other international organisations.

While interesting, and certainly expected for such an old book, re-exporting necessarily adds value to goods.

When the Crown took over from the Company, from 1861 a clever system was developed under which all of India’s financial gold and forex earnings from its fast-rising commodity export surplus with the world, was intercepted and appropriated by Britain. As before up to a third of India’s rising budgetary revenues was not spent domestically but was set aside as ‘expenditure abroad’.

So, what does this mean? Britain appropriated all of India's earnings, and then spent a third of it aboard? Not exactly. She is describing home charges see Roy (2019) again:

Some of the expenditures on defense and administration were made in sterling and went out of the country. This payment by the government was known as the Home Charges. For example, interest payment on loans raised to finance construction of railways and irrigation works, pensions paid to retired officers, and purchase of stores, were payments in sterling. [...] almost all money that the government paid abroad corresponded to the purchase of a service from abroad. [...] The balance of payments system that emerged after 1800 was based on standard business principles. India bought something and paid for it. State revenues were used to pay for wages of people hired abroad, pay for interest on loans raised abroad, and repatriation of profits on foreign investments coming into India. These were legitimate market transactions.

Indeed, if paying for what you buy is drain, then several billions of us are drained every day.

The Secretary of State for India in Council, based in London, invited foreign importers to deposit with him the payment (in gold, sterling and their own currencies) for their net imports from India, and these gold and forex payments disappeared into the yawning maw of the SoS’s account in the Bank of England.

It should be noted that India having two heads was beneficial, and encouraged investment per Roy (2019):

The fact that the India Office in London managed a part of the monetary system made India creditworthy, stabilized its currency, and encouraged foreign savers to put money into railways and private enterprise in India. Current research on the history of public debt shows that stable and large colonies found it easier to borrow abroad than independent economies because the investors trusted the guarantee of the colonist powers.

Against India’s net foreign earnings he issued bills, termed Council bills (CBs), to an equivalent rupee value. The rate (between gold-linked sterling and silver rupee) at which the bills were issued, was carefully adjusted to the last farthing, so that foreigners would never find it more profitable to ship financial gold as payment directly to Indians, compared to using the CB route. Foreign importers then sent the CBs by post or by telegraph to the export houses in India, that via the exchange banks were paid out of the budgeted provision of sums under ‘expenditure abroad’, and the exporters in turn paid the producers (peasants and artisans) from whom they sourced the goods.

Sunderland (2013) argues CBs had two main roles (and neither were part of a grand plot to keep gold out of India):

Council bills had two roles. They firstly promoted trade by handing the IO some control of the rate of exchange and allowing the exchange banks to remit funds to India and to hedge currency transaction risks. They also enabled the Indian government to transfer cash to England for the payment of its UK commitments.

The United Nations (1962) historical data for 1900 to 1960, show that for three decades up to 1928 (and very likely earlier too) India posted the second highest merchandise export surplus in the world, with USA in the first position. Not only were Indians deprived of every bit of the enormous international purchasing power they had earned over 175 years, even its rupee equivalent was not issued to them since not even the colonial government was credited with any part of India’s net gold and forex earnings against which it could issue rupees. The sleight-of-hand employed, namely ‘paying’ producers out of their own taxes, made India’s export surplus unrequited and constituted a tax-financed drain to the metropolis, as had been correctly pointed out by those highly insightful classical writers, Dadabhai Naoroji and RCDutt.

It doesn't appear that others appreciate their insight Roy (2019):

K. N. Chaudhuri rightly calls such practice ‘confused’ economics ‘coloured by political feelings’.

Surplus budgets to effect such heavy tax-financed transfers had a severe employment–reducing and income-deflating effect: mass consumption was squeezed in order to release export goods. Per capita annual foodgrains absorption in British India declined from 210 kg. during the period 1904-09, to 157 kg. during 1937-41, and to only 137 kg by 1946.

Dewey (1978) points out reliability issues with Indian agriculutural statistics, however this calorie decline persists to this day. Some of it is attributed to less food being consumed at home Smith (2015), a lower infectious disease burden Duh & Spears (2016) and diversified diets Vankatesh et al. (2016).

If even a part of its enormous foreign earnings had been credited to it and not entirely siphoned off, India could have imported modern technology to build up an industrial structure as Japan was doing.

This is, unfortunately, impossible to prove. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication that India would've united (this is arguably more plausible than the given counterfactual¹). Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been nuked in WW2, much like Japan. Had the British not arrived in India, there is no clear indication India would not have been invaded by lizard people, ~~much like Japan.~~ The list continues eternally.
Nevertheless, I will charitably examine the given counterfactual anyway. Did pre-colonial India have industrial potential? The answer is a resounding no.
From Gupta (1980):

This article starts from the premise that while economic categories - the extent of commodity production, wage labour, monetarisation of the economy, etc - should be the basis for any analysis of the production relations of pre-British India, it is the nature of class struggles arising out of particular class alignments that finally gives the decisive twist to social change. Arguing on this premise, and analysing the available evidence, this article concludes that there was little potential for industrial revolution before the British arrived in India because, whatever might have been the character of economic categories of that period, the class relations had not sufficiently matured to develop productive forces and the required class struggle for a 'revolution' to take place.

A view echoed in Raychaudhuri (1983):

Yet all of this did not amount to an economic situation comparable to that of western Europe on the eve of the industrial revolution. Her technology - in agriculture as well as manufacturers - had by and large been stagnant for centuries. [...] The weakness of the Indian economy in the mid-eighteenth century, as compared to pre-industrial Europe was not simply a matter of technology and commercial and industrial organization. No scientific or geographical revolution formed part of the eighteenth-century Indian's historical experience. [...] Spontaneous movement towards industrialisation is unlikely in such a situation.

So now we've established India did not have industrial potential, was India similar to Japan just before the Meiji era? The answer, yet again, unsurprisingly, is no. Japan's economic situation was not comparable to India's, which allowed for Japan to finance its revolution. From Yasuba (1986):

All in all, the Japanese standard of living may not have been much below the English standard of living before industrialization, and both of them may have been considerably higher than the Indian standard of living. We can no longer say that Japan started from a pathetically low economic level and achieved a rapid or even "miraculous" economic growth. Japan's per capita income was almost as high as in Western Europe before industrialization, and it was possible for Japan to produce surplus in the Meiji Period to finance private and public capital formation.

The circumstances that led to Meiji Japan were extremely unique. See Tomlinson (1985):

Most modern comparisons between India and Japan, written by either Indianists or Japanese specialists, stress instead that industrial growth in Meiji Japan was the product of unique features that were not reproducible elsewhere. [...] it is undoubtably true that Japan's progress to industrialization has been unique and unrepeatable

So there you have it. Unsubstantiated statistical assumptions, calling any number you can a drain & assuming a counterfactual for no good reason gets you this $45 trillion number. Hopefully that's enough to bury it in the ground.
^{1. Several authors have affirmed that Indian identity is a colonial artefact. For example see} ^{Rajan 1969}^:

^{Perhaps the single greatest and most enduring impact of British rule over India is that it created an Indian nation, in the modern political sense. After centuries of rule by different dynasties overparts of the Indian sub-continent, and after about 100 years of British rule, Indians ceased to be merely Bengalis, Maharashtrians,or Tamils, linguistically and culturally.}

^{or see} ^{Bryant 2000}^:

^{But then, it would be anachronistic to condemn eighteenth-century Indians, who served the British, as collaborators, when the notion of 'democratic' nationalism or of an Indian 'nation' did not then exist.} ^[...] ^{Indians who fought for them, differed from the Europeans in having a primary attachment to a non-belligerent religion, family and local chief, which was stronger than any identity they might have with a more remote prince or 'nation'.}

Bibliography

Chakrabarti, Shubra & Patnaik, Utsa (2018). Agrarian and other histories: Essays for Binay Bhushan Chaudhuri. Colombia University Press
Hickel, Jason (2018). How the British stole $45 trillion from India. The Guardian
Bhuyan, Aroonim & Sharma, Krishan (2019). The Great Loot: How the British stole $45 trillion from India. Indiapost
Monbiot, George (2020). English Landowners have stolen our rights. It is time to reclaim them. The Guardian
Tsjeng, Zing (2020). How Britain Stole $45 trillion from India with trains | Empires of Dirt. Vice
Chaudhury, Dipanjan (2019). British looted $45 trillion from India in today’s value: Jaishankar. The Economic Times
Roy, Tirthankar (2019). How British rule changed India's economy: The Paradox of the Raj. Palgrave Macmillan
Patnaik, Utsa (2018). How the British impoverished India. Hindustan Times
Tuovila, Alicia (2019). Expenditure method. Investopedia
Dewey, Clive (2019). Changing the guard: The dissolution of the nationalist–Marxist orthodoxy in the agrarian and agricultural history of India. The Indian Economic & Social History Review
Chandra, Bipan et al. (1989). India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947. Penguin Books
Frankema, Ewout & Booth, Anne (2019). Fiscal Capacity and the Colonial State in Asia and Africa, c. 1850-1960. Cambridge University Press
Dalal, Sucheta (2019). IL&FS Controversy: Centre is Paying Up on Sovereign Guarantees to ADB, KfW for Group's Loan. TheWire
Chaudhuri, K.N. (1983). X - Foreign Trade and Balance of Payments (1757–1947). Cambridge University Press
Sunderland, David (2013). Financing the Raj: The City of London and Colonial India, 1858-1940. Boydell Press
Dewey, Clive (1978). Patwari and Chaukidar: Subordinate officials and the reliability of India’s agricultural statistics. Athlone Press
Smith, Lisa (2015). The great Indian calorie debate: Explaining rising undernourishment during India’s rapid economic growth. Food Policy
Duh, Josephine & Spears, Dean (2016). Health and Hunger: Disease, Energy Needs, and the Indian Calorie Consumption Puzzle. The Economic Journal
Vankatesh, P. et al. (2016). Relationship between Food Production and Consumption Diversity in India – Empirical Evidences from Cross Section Analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review
Gupta, Shaibal (1980). Potential of Industrial Revolution in Pre-British India. Economic and Political Weekly
Raychaudhuri, Tapan (1983). I - The mid-eighteenth-century background. Cambridge University Press
Yasuba, Yasukichi (1986). Standard of Living in Japan Before Industrialization: From what Level did Japan Begin? A Comment. The Journal of Economic History
Tomblinson, B.R. (1985). Writing History Sideways: Lessons for Indian Economic Historians from Meiji Japan. Cambridge University Press
Rajan, M.S. (1969). The Impact of British Rule in India. Journal of Contemporary History
Bryant, G.J. (2000). Indigenous Mercenaries in the Service of European Imperialists: The Case of the Sepoys in the Early British Indian Army, 1750-1800. War in History

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Updated translations

13.11.3

Removed "Do you want to be navigated instantly or in x seconds?" hint on the "You're almost at your destination page" in some contexts to avoid confusion
Updated translations

268aa5a

Added bypasses for: chaosity.cheatsquad.gg, tautan.pro, gilakerja.com, 5play.ru, itsbx.com, instant-hack.to
Improved bypasses for: linkbucks, drivenime.com

13.11.2

Updated translations
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

2f8dfbd

Added uploadking.net bypass
Improved pahe.in bypass
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.11.1

Updated translations

5630ad1

Added bypasses for: analytics.twitter.com tracker, mediafile.cloud, mlwbd.pw, terbit21.top
Updated IP logger patterns
Improved blackmod.net bypass
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.11.0

Added an information about the currently ongoing legal battle with Linkvertise to the options
Re-added uninstall questionnaire
Updated translations

ecf59ee

Added bypasses for: moon7.xyz, ua.techweft.com, jackofnine.site, expertvn.com
Improved bypasses for: AdLinkFly Template, midiavip.com, shre.su
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.10.3

Improved linkvertise.net bypass

13.10.2

Removed auto-updating for Firefox again. Read more about this circus...

fc95789

Added bypasses for: urapk.com, made-by.org
Improved shorten.sh bypass
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.10.1

Updated translations
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

4e02ff7

Added bypasses for: behealth-id.xyz, dikatekno.com, safe.anirocksite.com, my-code4you.blogspot.com
Improved tr.link bypass
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.10

Added Goether54's Zulu translation
Updated copyright and links
Updated translations

c3fc857

Added bypasses for: freeupload.info, subdowns.com, katfile.com, jk-chat.com, novicearea.com, busyfinance.site
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.9

Added an info box on file hosters that can't be bypassed
Improved general preflight bypasses
Updated translations

cac4de7

Added bypasses for: dl.indexmovie.biz, apkily.com, pro-bangla.com

13.8.5

Updated translations

13.8.4

Fixed instant navigation causing some bypasses to break on Firefox
Updated translations

8d38fd9

Added bypasses for: koenime.com, bakacan.id, worldofmods.com, histotechs.com, linkconfig.com, yourtechnology.online, suanoticia.online, safe.onbatch.my.id, jkoding.xyz, crxne.de, shre.su, easylinkref.com
Improved general preflight bypass

13.8.3

Universal Bypass now says "You are being navigated to https://..." with "Take me to destinations after 0 seconds." set, so you know something is happening if the destination is slow.
Improved beermoneyforum.com bypass
Fixed universal-bypass.org/options not redirecting to options if an option is meant to be highlighted
Fixed options page breaking if an unknown option is meant to be highlighted
Removed max. values from options with number inputs as they sometimes need to be surpassed and weren't enforced anyway
Updated translations

825167d

Added bypasses for: flare.icu, beermoneyforum.com, iloadit11.info, k2nblog.com, sorewa.net, akwam.net, jemerik.com, lefturl.com, safelinku.icu
Improved general preflight bypass
Improved bypasses for: 4snip.pw, pahe.in, oploverz.in, postku.org
Improved various subtle bypasses so they count towards the bypassed sites counter
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.8.2

Improved linkvertise.net preflight bypass
Updated translations

aedb2fe

Improved general preflight bypass
Improved linkvertise.net bypass

13.8.1

Improved the auto-updating system to include tracker bypass definitions
Updated translations

ea9921b

Added bypasses for: hienzo.com, curseforge.com, animebatch.id, do.customercareal.com
Improved bypasses for: remiyu.me, ceksite.id, postku.org, zt-protect.com
Fixed info box not showing on some mobile devices
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected

13.8

Added extramovies.casa preflight bypass
Compressed extension icons
Fixed referer values being stored in the wrong encoding sometimes
Updated translations

2a0b327

Added bypasses for: tricxbd.com, akltu.com, forexlap.com, sekilastekno.com
Improved general preflight bypass

13.7

Universal Bypass will now change its extension tab titles to reflect how many seconds are left on internal timers, i.e. if you've set "Take me to destinations after 5 seconds." the "You're almost at your destination." page will be called "(5) You're almost at your destination." and count down with the timer on the page.
Improved the way the version number is shown in the options to make it more apparent that bypass definitions are separate from the extension version
Fixed "Instantly take me to destinations of trackers" not working in Chromium-based browsers
Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected and improved the Linkvertise preflight bypass to allow for auto-updating of anti-detection rules
Updated translations

7dbafa1

Added bypasses for: 4shared.com (download without login), cloudgallery.net, curimovie.com
Improved bypasses for: duit.cc, cshort.org, boomx5.com, oxy.cloud, icutlink.com

13.6.2

Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected
Updated translations

c993457

Added theartistunion.com bypass
Improved bypasses for: Teknosafe template, adfoc.us, cshort.org
Removed toneden.io bypass as they have added backend validation

13.6.1

Fixed cases of Universal Bypass being detected
Updated translations

f612f04

Added bypasses for: biozkop21.my.id, ads.bdcraft.net
Improved bypasses for: uploadfree.info, fstore.biz
Fixed Soralink Wordpress Plugin bypass interfering with certain download sites

13.6

Added functionality for more subtle bypasses (that never even open the "You're almost at your destination" page) to count towards the bypassed sites counter
Added haaretz.co.il paywall bypass
Added Jaiganesh Kumaran' Tamil translation
Updated translations
Improved the placements of the "Contributors" and "Privacy Policy" links in the options
Improved label for the "Bypass trackers using Apimon.de" option
Improved firstrun message
Fixed "Close tab containing the crowd-sourced destination after x seconds of visiting it" option saving values below 3 seconds

35e1206

Added bypasses for: Steam link filter, otewe.net, nofil.net, postku.org, fstore.biz, likn.xyz, gubukbisnis.me, vexfile.com, creditcable.info, catcut.net, sloomp.space, imgdrive.net, onnime.net
Added general bypass for filmesmega.net, torrentmegafilmes.tv, and potentially more
Improved bypasses for: Soralink Wordpress Plugin, uploadfree.info, boomx5.com, download.id
Removed haaretz.co.il paywall bypass because it broke the site

13.5.1

Fixed destinations never being reached using "Take me to destinations after 0 seconds" in Firefox for Android
Fixed Universal Bypass not working in in older versions of Chromium-based browsers

13.5

Added shiroyasha.me bypass
Improved bypasses for: zflas.com, 365myoffice.com
Fixed general preflight bypass not properly redirecting to magnet links
Fixed Universal Bypass breaking websites using the Soralink Wordpress Plugin if crowd bypass is disabled

7d7a91b

Added haipedia.com bypass
Improved bypasses for: Soralink Wordpress Plugin, filehorse.com, oploverz.in, neonime.org, cshort.org, zflas.com

13.4

Improved the way the options page and background script talk to each other to keep their states in sync., and to ensure that only one options page is open at a time.
The "You're almost at your destination" page will now be blank if you're meant to be navigated instantly.
Fixed some sites detecting Universal Bypass after general preflight bypass
Added shrink-service.it bypass
Updated translations

4e8c2d0

Added bypasses for: l.forek.info, linkpoi.cc, 365myoffice.com, gsmusbdrivers.com, zt-protect.com, cararoot.id
Improved bypasses for: adlinkfly template, shirosafe.web.id, healthinsider.online, pahe.in

13.3

Universal Bypass' built-in updating system for the injection script now also includes rules for preflight bypasses. Collectively, this is now called "bypass definitions."
Fixed "Close tab containing the crowd-sourced destination after x seconds of visiting it" still not always working on Firefox, and this solution doesn't even need the "Access browser tabs" permission anymore.
Changed default values of options with seconds and removed hint that "0" means instant because I think that's obvious.
Updated translations

7adc74e

Added bypasses for: healthinsider.online, myotto.online, disiniaja.site
Improved bypasses for: nexusmods.com, shirosafe.web.id

13.2.1

Fixed "Close tab containing the crowd-sourced destination after x seconds of visiting it" not working on Firefox by adding the "Access browser tabs" permission. On Chromium-based browsers, this permission isn't needed, and Universal Bypass on Firefox doesn't do anything else with it.
Fixed instant navigation causing Google's "clever" code to break some bypasses
Updated translations

13.2

Added a timer to the "You're almost at your destination" page if the destination would detect Universal Bypass if you would navigate too quickly.
Improved shon.xyz bypass
Updated translations

5cb0e9f

Added filesupload.org bypass
Improved katmoviehd.nl bypass

13.1

Removed the option to disable the info box. The info box was added to prevent getting reports for websites which are bypassed by crowd bypass, but we still do. I believe people disable the option — maybe because "Show informational messages on some sites" sounds scary, maybe because they never encountered one — and then when they encounter a crowd-bypassed site, they have no indication of that, and report it. As always, I'd like to get some feedback on this, especially from other perspectives.
Added akku's Malayalam translation
Fixed "Thanks for installing Universal Bypass" message being white on a blue background in dark mode
Updated translations

df11aaf

Added techoow.com bypass

13.0.1

Improved sportif.id bypass
Removed boomx5.com preflight bypass because it broke the site
Updated translations

9166983

Added bypasses for: sfirmware.com, ydfile.com, sportif.id
Improved bypasses for: shirosafe.web.id, oke.io, emulator.games, neonime.org, drivenime.com

13.0 — The Design Update

Universal Bypass now uses UIkit for its design
Improved bypasses for: ouo.io, cpmlink.net
Moved content script referer logic into the injection script so it can be auto-updated
Fixed options for timer durations not saving the seconds when disabled
Fixed auto-closing of the crowd-sourced destination tab not always working
Updated translations

53e92b2

Added bypasses for: go.geghost.com, shorte-st.online, solvetube.site, neonime.org, apunkasoftware.net, disingkat.in, dl.filedownload.club, terbit21.show, koreaku.co, mmsubs.com, bakadame.com
Improved bypasses for: Soralink Wordpress Plugin, shirosafe.web.id, spaste.com, oploverz.in, uiz.io, boomx5.com

12.9.2

Improved mymastah.xyz bypass
Updated translations

20c7c99

Added bypasses for: uploadfree.info, bomurl.com, mboost.me, mymastah.xyz
Improved bypasses for: shirosafe.web.id, flarefiles.com, multiup.org

12.9.1

Updated "up-to-date" message to clarify that it is only for the injection script
Fixed option to auto-close the tab containing the crowd-sourced destination not saving the seconds without disabling and re-enabling the option
Improved bluemediafiles.com bypass
Updated translations

3816a8b

Added bypasses for: sammobile.com, soft8ware.com, flarefiles.com

12.9

Added getfile.mobi bypass
Updated translations

1dfbe81

Improved bypasses for: safelink template, boo.tw, uiz.io (uiz.app), shirosafe.web.id

12.8

Added "Cancel" button for internal timers, such as automatically opening a destination.
Added link to contributors next to copyright below options
Added Samuel Hawran Samel's Slovak translation
Added bypasses for: cemiw.net, bursadrakor.com
Improved soralink bypass
Changed "Support Universal Bypass" to "Contribute to Universal Bypass"
Updated translations

9ecab92

Added DineshSolanki's brpaper.com bypass
Added ikancupang's bypasses for: boo.tw, thetecnostar.com, kora4top.com
Improved bypasses for: Soralink Wordpress Plugin, boomx5.com

12.7

Added an option to auto-close the tab containing the crowd-sourced destination once it has been opened
Added ikancupang's goodssh.com bypass
Updated example custom bypass
Updated translations

3db78cc

Custom bypass developers: You can now use "safelyAssign(...)" instead of "location.href = ..." or "location.assign(...)" which will assert that the URL is good before actually assigning, returns false if not. Note that you should only use this for instant redirects, for everything else "safelyNavigate(...)" is still recommended.
Added majidzhacker.com bypass to replace tinyurl.majidzhacker.com bypass
Added bypasses for: shirosafe.web.id, shon.xyz, cinema21.tv, bebasdownloadfilm.com, midvip.xyz, midiavip.com, 1ink.cc, cuturl.cc, ipeenk.id, lkc21.net, bioskopgo.com, apkmos.com, mi-globe.com, intifada1453.team, terbit21.host, 01nonton.com, citgratis.com, tekloggers.com, ahref.co, invistaiptv.com, subsvip.com, dl.sharemydrive.xyz
Improved bypasses for: mi-globe.com, cpmlink.net, boomx5.com
Huge thanks to ikancupang for his contributions in this version!

12.6

Added hfiz.site bypass
Improved giga74.com bypass

5d58882

Added tinyurl.majidzhacker.com bypass
Improved bypasses for: modebaca.com, liveshootv.com, shrink.world

12.5

Added JoxJox30's Macedonian translation
Added bypasses for: shrink.world, liveshootv.com
Improved modebaca.com bypass

bc958a7

Universal Bypass now provides version information to universal-bypass.org so it can automatically redirect to the correct changelog and adjust behaviour of the install button
Improved bypasses for: nexusmods.com, shrinkads.com (modebaca.com)
Removed shirosafe.my.id bypass as it is broken

12.4.1

Improved movienear.me bypass
Fixed Czech and Vietnamese translations missing important information

f77e5c1

Improved nexusmods.com bypass

12.4

Added droidtamvan.me bypass
Improved zonangopi.com bypass
Fixed links to options with inputs breaking the options page
Updated translations

08b001d

Added bypasses for: zonangopi.com, bladesalvador.com, keisekai.fun

12.3

Added bypasses for: go.giga74.com, safelinkgratis.info
Updated translations

d83acea

Added bypasses for: blog.infolanjutan.xyz, terbit21.online
Improved bypasses for: ad4msan.com, wizardsubs.com

12.2

Added "UNIVERSAL_BYPASS_INTERNAL_VERSION" constant for use in the injection script and custom bypasses to determine extension capabilities in future bypasses

d183ae7

Added bypasses for: akashirohige.blogspot.com, dl.blackmod.net

12.1

Added bypasses for: sehuruf.com, safelink.grandmovie21.com
Improved bypasses for: ad4msan.com, oppa.kdramaindo.tv, safelink.hargawebsite.com, mkvking.com, pahe.in
Fixed ad blockers blocking crowd bypass queries on some sites
Updated translations

2793696

Added bypasses for: apkpsp.com, multiup.org, ad4msan.com, oppa.kdramaindo.tv, mkvking.com, media-blue.blogspot.com
Improved bypasses for: safelink template, channelmyanmar.org, shirosafe.my.id, uiz.io, sfile.mobi, mispuani.xyz, pahe.in

12.0.1

Improved channelmyanmar.org bypass
Fixed development mode detection on Firefox

fee1ebe

Added channelmyanmar.org bypass

12.0 — The Updated Update

Implemented auto-updating of the injection script because of Google's insane new release delay. This does mean that the Privacy Policy has changed because now a request to Github is sent every hour. Aside from that, this is actually incredibly awesome for the future of Universal Bypass, as you can now take advantage of the latest bypasses without having to wait for the next release~~, even on Firefox~~!
Added wizardsubs.com bypass
Improved bypasses for: adf.ly (gsuimp.net), linkvertise.net, pahe.in
Improved general bypasses
Updated translations

11.19.1

Improved linkvertise.net bypass (Thanks to ikancupang!)
Updated Indonesian translation

11.19

Added bypasses for: nexusmods.com, stayonline.pro, bdzone.xyz, xlink.cc, 1shortlink.com, acortalo.live, infotekno.net
Improved bypasses for: linkvertise.net, link.tl (lnk.news)
Updated translations

11.18

Added bypasses for: macdownload.org, boomx5.com, portableapps.com, tik.lat, lin-ks.net, business.ominfoupdate.com
Improved bypasses for: lewat.club, tr.link, pahe.in, folderenius.com, seputarinfomenarik.com, linkvertise.net
Improved general preflight bypasses
Updated translations

11.17.2

Improved donia2link.net bypass (Thanks to ikancupang!)
Fixed Universal Bypass breaking some websites on Firefox

11.17.1

Fixed Soralink Wordpress Plugin bypass not working on websites using older versions of the Soralink Wordpress Plugin
Fixed lewat.club and tr.link bypasses not working because of the performance improvement from the last release

11.17

Added donia2link.net bypass
Updated Soralink Wordpress Plugin bypass to work with their latest version
Improved performance on bypassed sites
Updated translations

11.16

Added bypasses for: ciustekno.me, filepuma.com, filehorse.com, getwallpapers.com
Improved bypasses for: AdLinkFly Template, bc.vc, mirrorace.com
Fixed general bypasses redirecting to partial URLs
Fixed preflight bypasses redirecting to invalid URLs

11.15

Added squidssh.com bypass
Re-added adfoc.us bypass because the website was not dead after all
Improved bypasses for: adf.ly, ouo.io, Soralink Wordpress Plugin, realsht.mobi
Improved general bypasses
Updated translations

11.14

Added bypasses for: hidereferrer.com, informations-library.blogspot.com, dxdrive.com, felanovia.com, redir.animenine.net, download.id, ad4msan.win, sopasti.com, out.x-forex.site, nimebatch.net, filekita.me, mispuani.xyz
Improved bc.vc bypass to work on their new bcvc.live domain
Improved general bypasses
Changed the description slightly: Instead of "Universal Bypass automatically skips" it now "circumvents"
Moved the "Support Universal Bypass" link behind the bypassed sites counter
Updated translations

11.13

Added bypasses for: newsdecorate.com, terbit21.club, zflas.com
Improved bypasses for: viid.su, sub2unlock.com/net, won.pe, losstor.com, onepieceex, bluemediafiles.com, telolet.in
Fixed a bug with a general bypass from the previous release
Removed bypasses for dead sites

11.12

Added bypasses for: managalist.org, hightech.web.id, newhealthblog.com, cariskuy.com, sukakesehattan.com, unlockapk.com
Improved linkduit.net bypass
Added some more general bypasses based on patterns I see way too often. This has potential to meddle in sites where it shouldn't, so please get in touch if you have any issues.

11.11.1

Improved bypasses for: Safelink Wordpress Template, mirrorace.com
Updated translations

11.11

Added the version and a link to the changelog in the options
Added bypasses for: gsu.st, oxy.st
Improved bypasses for: mirrorace.com, toneden.io
Fixed the "referer" header not being presented in some cases

11.10

Added bypasses for: pastikan.me, gixen.com, sairman.com
Improved bypasses for: linkpoi.in, mirrorace.com, realsht.mobi, safelink.hargawebsite.com, yametesenpai.xyz
Updated translations
Fixed quotes in some translations causing the extension to break
Removed bypasses for dead sites: kisechan.web.id, arubedo.blogspot.com, permadihermawan.site

11.9

Added bypasses for: realsht.mobi, mirrorace.com, linkpoi.in, racaty.com, apamanfaat.id, agdd5br.com
Re-added sfile.mobi bypass
Improved bypasses for: Safelink Wordpress Template, Linkvertise, pucuktranslation.pw
Updated translations
Removed YetiShare bypass because it broke unrelated sites and I couldn't verify that the website is still active

11.8

Added bypasses for: lnk2.cc, bitcoinfaucet.fun, movienear.me, transmediakreatif.com, go.indonesia-publisher.id, pasardownload.com, safelink.hargawebsite.com, travellinginfos.com, bungmiyana.me, tuser.id, kangpost.com, omahsafe.blogspot.com, vius.info, ceksite.id
Improved bypasses for: Safelink Wordpress Template, ouo.io, lewat.club, lompat.in
Updated translations

11.7

Added bypasses for: ally.sh, elil.cc, shortconnect.com, adobedownload.org
Improved bypasses for: leechall.com, shorte.st
Fixed info box growing infinitely on some sites
Fixed Universal Bypass' icon staying grayed-out after it is re-enabled
Updated translations

11.6

Added a counter for how many times Universal Bypass has bypassed something for you
Added an info box which will make crowd bypassed sites more apparent and an option to disable it
Added bypasses for: prox77.com, kuliahmatematika.my.id
Improved bypasses for: duit.cc, bc.vc, uploadrar
Updated translations
Removed the 40x40px icon

11.5

Added bypasses for: motorbalap.id, st.flashsubs.web.id, keisekaikuy.blogspot.com, short-url.link
Added brunosansar's Brazilian Portuguese translation
Improved bypasses for: Gslinks, link-to.net, uiz.io
Updated translations
Removed ad blocker workaround to avoid issues

11.4.3

Improved redirect logic
Updated default values in options to reflect actual default values
Fixed "Instantly take me to destinations of trackers" option being disabled when it shouldn't be

11.4.2

Improved redirect logic

11.4.1

Adjusted default settings
Fixed background script not working in Firefox

11.4

Universal Bypass will now present a "referer" header to destination to make it even more undetectable
Added bypasses for: toneden.io, sparbuttantowa.pro
Improved bypasses for: adf.ly, ouo.today
Added profugo53's Filipino translation
Improved the look of highlighted options in dark mode

11.3

Replaced "Automatically open crowd-sourced destinations in a new tab" option with "Open crowd-sourced destinations in a new tab after x second(s)" so it is in line with the new "Take me to destinations after x seconds" option added in 11.0. Again, I'd like to hear your feedback on these new, rather drastic changes.
Added bypasses for: mm1.ink network, teknosafe template, adssuper.com, menantisenja.com
Improved bypasses for: linkvertise network, ouo.today, 4snip.pw
Updated translations
Removed btcleets.xyz bypass as it is part of the mm1.ink network

11.2

Universal Bypass will now respect your color scheme preference (i.e., UB is in dark mode if your OS is in dark mode)
Added bypasses for: tr.link, dlbatch.com, bolaoke.club, lompat.in
Improved bypasses for: bc.vc, 1link.club
Improved GemPixel/KBRMedia Premium URL Shortener bypass
Fixed ad blockers breaking Universal Bypass
Removed runtyurl.com bypass as the site seems to be using the AdLinkFly Template now

11.1

Added "Automatically open crowd-sourced destinations in a new tab" option
Added bypasses for: Gslinks, lewd.ninja, kepoow.me, btcleets.xyz
Improved AdLinkFly Template Bypass
Improved Safelink Wordpress Plugin Bypass
Fixed firstrun page being opened in a new window on Firefox
Restyled options slightly to better fit custom bypasses
Some general code improvements

11.0 — The Timed Update

Replaced "Instantly take me to destinations" option with "Take me to destinations after x seconds" option which can be used to get the same effects as with the old option with the added feature of having a timer to automatically take you to the destination which I'm personally not a super fan of but I see the request from time to time and this seemed to be the best solution. I'd definitely like to hear your feedback on this.
Updated translations

10.47

Added mirrored.to bypass
Improved SafelinkU Template bypass
Improved link.tl bypass
Updated Spanish translation

10.46

Added bypasses for: adsafelink.net, wadooo.com, uiz.io, rikucan.com
Improved bypasses for: AdLinkFly Template, GemPixel/KBRMedia Premium URL Shortener Template, bercara.com, semawur.com, in11.site
Added ALvahN's Javanese Translation
Updated French, Indonesian, and Russian translations
Added an example for ifElement's else function to the default user script
Removed bermedsos.com bypass because the site seems dead now

10.45

Added bypasses for: acorme.com, zonangopi.ml, confile.net, indishare.org, otoponsel.com, linkshrtn.com, spacetica.com, adlink.pw
Better explain custom bypasses

10.44.1

Fix some issues with crowd bypass

10.44

Added bypasses for: softpedia.com, bermedsos.com, miwa.xneet.id, permadihermawan.site, duit.cc, uxglow.com, mispuani.xyz, nurhamka.com, linepc.site, infokesehatan.club, wanhealth.me
Added PBJF's Romanian Translation
Updated Indonesian Translation
Fixed firefaucet.win detecting Universal Bypass
Removed apkmodif.com bypass as it seems to be a part of "the duit.cc network"

10.43

Improved Safelink Wordpress Plugin Bypass
Improved oxy.cloud bypass
Fixed lewat.club crowd bypass
Fixed SafelinkU bypass interfering with AdLinkFly bypass
Fixed SourceForge bypass causing issues
Removed the answer to life, the universe, and everything else

10.42

Added the answer to life, the universe, and everything else
Added bypasses for: ceklinku.xyz, safe.doramaku.me, hokiciki.org
Improved Safelink Wordpress Plugin Bypass
Updated French Translation
Fixed universal-bypass.org/options not redirecting in Firefox
Fixed SafelinkU bypass false positive

10.41

Added bypasses for: ytsubme.com, shortlink.in, kisechan.web.id, arubedo.blogspot.com, hightech.web.id, gomentod.com, masreyhan.com, remiyu.me, lifeasurance.com, idalponse.blogspot.com
Improved Safelink Wordpress Plugin Bypass
Updated translations

10.40

Added spaste.com captcha bypass
Added space.tribuntekno.com bypass
Added get-click2.blogspot.com bypass
Added jossbingit.xyz bypass
Added starzone.cc bypass
Added hello.tribuntekno.com bypass
Added bypass for indian4uh.com and similar sites
Improved Safelink Wordpress Plugin Bypass

10.39

Added pucuktranslation.pw bypass
Added k2s.cc bypass
Added njiir.com bypass
Added mundodocinema.ga bypass
Improved AdLinkFly Template Bypass
Improved Safelink Template Bypass
Improved SafelinkU Template Bypass
Improved LinkTL Bypass
Improved technicoz.com bypass
Fixed linkduit.net bypass
Updated translations

10.38

Relevant checkboxes are now highlighted for some links to the options
universal-bypass.org/options will now redirect to Universal Bypass' options
Updated translations
Removed the post-uninstall questionnaire
Fixed an issue which caused the "Was this not correct?" link to not work in some cases
Added anonymz.com bypass
Added 1link.club bypass
Added situsbaru.me bypass
Added polrec.site bypass
Added hokiwikiped.net bypass
Improved cshort bypass
Removed fshare.vn bypass as they have added backend validation

10.37

Added ifElement(query, callback) function to improve bypasses (including custom bypasses!) that are checking for the existence of elements
Overloaded domainBypass(domain, callback) so that domain can not only be string but also a regex
Added gamesmega.net bypass
Improved douploads bypass
Updated translations

10.36

Added shortmoz.link bypass
Added dawnstation.com bypass
Improved Safelink Wordpress Plugin bypass
Updated translations

10.35

Added hikarinoakariost.info bypass
Added awaitElement(query, callback) function to improve bypasses (including custom bypasses!) that are waiting for elements to be created
Merged mylink.zone bypass into mylinks.xyz bypass

10.34

Added mylinks.xyz bypass
Added AkaCrafterCZ's Czech translation
Fixed linkduit.net bypass

10.33

Added leechall.com bypass
Added kharismanews.com bypass
Improved ouo.io/press crowd bypass

10.32

Added duniaislamku.com bypass
Added driverays.com bypass
Added wikitrik.com bypass
Improved muhammadyoga.me bypass
Updated Korean Translation

10.31

Added apkmodif.com bypass
Added boostme.gg bypass
Added u.to bypass
Added haaretz.co.il paywall bypass
Updated translations

10.30.1

Updated Arabic Translation
Fixed some preflight bypasses not working on subdomains (especially www.)

10.30

Added celeclub.org bypass
Improved douploads.com bypass
Updated translations
Removed uploadhaven.com bypass as they have added backend validation

10.29

Added uploadhaven.com bypass
Added crowd bypass for adyou.me, adyou.co, etc.
Improved linkduit.net bypass

10.28

Updated French translation
Improved SafelinkU bypass
Fixed anonym.to bypass

10.27

Added infosia.xyz bypass
Updated translations

10.26

Added sub2unlock.net bypass

10.25

Added do2unlock.com bypass

10.24

Added mobile01.com bypass
Added ref.gamer.com.tw bypass

10.23.4

Improved 123link bypass

10.23.3

Improved Shorte.st Bypass

10.23.2

Improved SafeLinkReview Bypass

10.23.1

Added skiplink.io bypass

10.23

Added surfsees.com bypass

10.22

Added imgtaxi.com bypass
Added teknologilink.com bypass
Improved KuroSafe bypass
Fixed oxy.cloud bypass

10.21.2

Improved gslink.co bypass

10.21.1

Improved shorte.st bypass

10.21

Added uploadrar.com bypass

10.20

Added anonym.to bypass
Removed raidcall.com.tw bypass as the site has closed

10.19.1

Changed disabled icon to look more disabled

10.19

Change extension icon when "Enable website bypasses" option is disabled

10.18

Improved error reporting
Added message to Dz4link Bypass so you know it's working

List of High Impact Forex News - FXDailyReport.Com

Former investment bank FX trader: news trading and second order thinking